1:1 From Paul, ¹  a slave ²  of Christ Jesus, ³  called to be an apostle, ⁴  set apart for the gospel of God. ⁵  1:2 This gospel ⁶  he promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy scriptures, 1:3 concerning his Son who was a descendant ⁷  of David with reference to the flesh, ⁸  1:4 who was appointed the Son-of-God-in-power ⁹  according to the Holy Spirit ¹⁰  by the resurrection ¹¹  from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord. 1:5 Through him ¹²  we have received grace and our apostleship ¹³  to bring about the obedience ¹⁴  of faith ¹⁵  among all the Gentiles on behalf of his name. 1:6 You also are among them, ¹⁶  called to belong to Jesus Christ. ¹⁷  1:7 To all those loved by God in Rome, ¹⁸  called to be saints: ¹⁹  Grace and peace to you ²⁰  from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ!

1:8 First of all, ²¹  I thank my God through Jesus Christ for all of you, because your faith is proclaimed throughout the whole world. 1:9 For God, whom I serve in my spirit by preaching the gospel ²²  of his Son, is my witness that ²³  I continually remember you 1:10 and I always ask ²⁴  in my prayers, if perhaps now at last I may succeed in visiting you according to the will of God. ²⁵  1:11 For I long to see you, so that I may impart to you some spiritual gift ²⁶  to strengthen you, 1:12 that is, that we may be mutually comforted by one another’s faith, ²⁷  both yours and mine. 1:13 I do not want you to be unaware, ²⁸  brothers and sisters, ²⁹  that I often intended to come to you (and was prevented until now), so that I may have some fruit even among you, just as I already have among the rest of the Gentiles. ³⁰  1:14 I am a debtor ³¹  both to the Greeks and to the barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish. 1:15 Thus I am eager ³²  also to preach the gospel to you who are in Rome. ³³ 

1:16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is God’s power for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek. ³⁴  1:17 For the righteousness ³⁵  of God is revealed in the gospel ³⁶  from faith to faith, ³⁷  just as it is written, “The righteous by faith will live.” ³⁸ 

1:18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people ³⁹  who suppress the truth by their ⁴⁰  unrighteousness, ⁴¹  1:19 because what can be known about God is plain to them, ⁴²  because God has made it plain to them. 1:20 For since the creation of the world his invisible attributes – his eternal power and divine nature – have been clearly seen, because they are understood through what has been made. So people ⁴³  are without excuse. 1:21 For although they knew God, they did not glorify him as God or give him thanks, but they became futile in their thoughts and their senseless hearts ⁴⁴  were darkened. 1:22 Although they claimed ⁴⁵  to be wise, they became fools 1:23 and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for an image resembling mortal human beings ⁴⁶  or birds or four-footed animals ⁴⁷  or reptiles.

1:24 Therefore God gave them over ⁴⁸  in the desires of their hearts to impurity, to dishonor ⁴⁹  their bodies among themselves. ⁵⁰  1:25 They ⁵¹  exchanged the truth of God for a lie ⁵²  and worshiped and served the creation ⁵³  rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever! Amen.

1:26 For this reason God gave them over to dishonorable passions. For their women exchanged the natural sexual relations for unnatural ones, ⁵⁴  1:27 and likewise the men also abandoned natural relations with women ⁵⁵  and were inflamed in their passions ⁵⁶  for one another. Men ⁵⁷  committed shameless acts with men and received in themselves the due penalty for their error.

1:28 And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God, ⁵⁸  God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do what should not be done. ⁵⁹  1:29 They are filled ⁶⁰  with every kind of unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, malice. They are rife with ⁶¹  envy, murder, strife, deceit, hostility. They are gossips, 1:30 slanderers, haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, contrivers of all sorts of evil, disobedient to parents, 1:31 senseless, covenant-breakers, ⁶²  heartless, ruthless. 1:32 Although they fully know ⁶³  God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die, ⁶⁴  they not only do them but also approve of those who practice them. ⁶⁵ 

2:1 Therefore ⁶⁷  you are without excuse, ⁶⁸  whoever you are, ⁶⁹  when you judge someone else. ⁷⁰  For on whatever grounds ⁷¹  you judge another, you condemn yourself, because you who judge practice the same things. 2:2 Now we know that God’s judgment is in accordance with truth ⁷²  against those who practice such things. 2:3 And do you think, ⁷³  whoever you are, when you judge ⁷⁴  those who practice such things and yet do them yourself, ⁷⁵  that you will escape God’s judgment? 2:4 Or do you have contempt for the wealth of his kindness, forbearance, and patience, and yet do not know ⁷⁶  that God’s kindness leads you to repentance? 2:5 But because of your stubbornness ⁷⁷  and your unrepentant heart, you are storing up wrath for yourselves in the day of wrath, when God’s righteous judgment is revealed! ⁷⁸  2:6 He ⁷⁹  will reward ⁸⁰  each one according to his works: ⁸¹  2:7 eternal life to those who by perseverance in good works seek glory and honor and immortality, 2:8 but ⁸²  wrath and anger to those who live in selfish ambition ⁸³  and do not obey the truth but follow ⁸⁴  unrighteousness. 2:9 There will be ⁸⁵  affliction and distress on everyone ⁸⁶  who does evil, on the Jew first and also the Greek, ⁸⁷  2:10 but ⁸⁸  glory and honor and peace for everyone who does good, for the Jew first and also the Greek. 2:11 For there is no partiality with God. 2:12 For all who have sinned apart from the law ⁸⁹  will also perish apart from the law, and all who have sinned under the law will be judged by the law. 2:13 For it is not those who hear the law who are righteous before God, but those who do the law will be declared righteous. ⁹⁰  2:14 For whenever the Gentiles, ⁹¹  who do not have the law, do by nature ⁹²  the things required by the law, ⁹³  these who do not have the law are a law to themselves. 2:15 They ⁹⁴  show that the work of the law is written ⁹⁵  in their hearts, as their conscience bears witness and their conflicting thoughts accuse or else defend ⁹⁶  them, ⁹⁷  2:16 on the day when God will judge ⁹⁸  the secrets of human hearts, ⁹⁹  according to my gospel ¹⁰⁰  through Christ Jesus.

2:17 But if you call yourself a Jew and rely on the law ¹⁰¹  and boast of your relationship to God ¹⁰²  2:18 and know his will ¹⁰³  and approve the superior things because you receive instruction from the law, ¹⁰⁴  2:19 and if you are convinced ¹⁰⁵  that you yourself are a guide to the blind, a light to those who are in darkness, 2:20 an educator of the senseless, a teacher of little children, because you have in the law the essential features of knowledge and of the truth – 2:21 therefore ¹⁰⁶  you who teach someone else, do you not teach yourself? You who preach against stealing, do you steal? 2:22 You who tell others not to commit adultery, do you commit adultery? You who abhor ¹⁰⁷  idols, do you rob temples? 2:23 You who boast in the law dishonor God by transgressing the law! 2:24 For just as it is written, “the name of God is being blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you.” ¹⁰⁸ 

2:25 For circumcision ¹⁰⁹  has its value if you practice the law, but ¹¹⁰  if you break the law, ¹¹¹  your circumcision has become uncircumcision. 2:26 Therefore if the uncircumcised man obeys ¹¹²  the righteous requirements of the law, will not his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision? 2:27 And will not the physically uncircumcised man ¹¹³  who keeps the law judge you who, despite ¹¹⁴  the written code ¹¹⁵  and circumcision, transgress the law? 2:28 For a person is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is circumcision something that is outward in the flesh, 2:29 but someone is a Jew who is one inwardly, and circumcision is of the heart ¹¹⁶  by the Spirit ¹¹⁷  and not by the written code. ¹¹⁸  This person’s ¹¹⁹  praise is not from people but from God.

3:1 Therefore what advantage does the Jew have, or what is the value of circumcision? 3:2 Actually, there are many advantages. ¹²⁰  First of all, ¹²¹  the Jews ¹²²  were entrusted with the oracles of God. ¹²³  3:3 What then? If some did not believe, does their unbelief nullify the faithfulness of God? 3:4 Absolutely not! Let God be proven true, and every human being ¹²⁴  shown up as a liar, ¹²⁵  just as it is written: “so that you will be justified ¹²⁶  in your words and will prevail when you are judged.” ¹²⁷ 

3:5 But if our unrighteousness demonstrates ¹²⁸  the righteousness of God, what shall we say? The God who inflicts wrath is not unrighteous, is he? ¹²⁹  (I am speaking in human terms.) ¹³⁰  3:6 Absolutely not! For otherwise how could God judge the world? 3:7 For if by my lie the truth of God enhances ¹³¹  his glory, why am I still actually being judged as a sinner? 3:8 And why not say, “Let us do evil so that good may come of it”? – as some who slander us allege that we say. ¹³²  (Their ¹³³  condemnation is deserved!)

3:9 What then? Are we better off? Certainly not, for we have already charged that Jews and Greeks alike are all under sin, 3:10 just as it is written:

“There is no one righteous, not even one,

3:11 there is no one who understands,

there is no one who seeks God.

3:12 All have turned away,

together they have become worthless;

there is no one who shows kindness, not even one.” ¹³⁴ 

3:13 “Their throats are open graves, ¹³⁵ 

they deceive with their tongues,

the poison of asps is under their lips.” ¹³⁶ 

3:14 “Their mouths are ¹³⁷  full of cursing and bitterness.” ¹³⁸ 

3:15 “Their feet are swift to shed blood,

3:16 ruin and misery are in their paths,

3:17 and the way of peace they have not known.” ¹³⁹ 

3:18 “There is no fear of God before their eyes.” ¹⁴⁰ 

3:19 Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under ¹⁴¹  the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world may be held accountable to God. 3:20 For no one is declared righteous before him ¹⁴²  by the works of the law, ¹⁴³  for through the law comes ¹⁴⁴  the knowledge of sin. 3:21 But now ¹⁴⁵  apart from the law the righteousness of God (which is attested by the law and the prophets) ¹⁴⁶  has been disclosed – 3:22 namely, the righteousness of God through the faithfulness of Jesus Christ ¹⁴⁷  for all who believe. For there is no distinction, 3:23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God. 3:24 But they are justified ¹⁴⁸  freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus. 3:25 God publicly displayed ¹⁴⁹  him ¹⁵⁰  at his death ¹⁵¹  as the mercy seat ¹⁵²  accessible through faith. ¹⁵³  This was to demonstrate ¹⁵⁴  his righteousness, because God in his forbearance had passed over the sins previously committed. ¹⁵⁵  3:26 This was ¹⁵⁶  also to demonstrate ¹⁵⁷  his righteousness in the present time, so that he would be just ¹⁵⁸  and the justifier of the one who lives because of Jesus’ faithfulness. ¹⁵⁹ 

3:27 Where, then, is boasting? ¹⁶⁰  It is excluded! By what principle? ¹⁶¹  Of works? No, but by the principle of faith! 3:28 For we consider that a person ¹⁶²  is declared righteous by faith apart from the works of the law. ¹⁶³  3:29 Or is God the God of the Jews only? Is he not the God of the Gentiles too? Yes, of the Gentiles too! 3:30 Since God is one, ¹⁶⁴  he will justify the circumcised by faith and the uncircumcised through faith. 3:31 Do we then nullify ¹⁶⁵  the law through faith? Absolutely not! Instead ¹⁶⁶  we uphold the law.

4:1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our ancestor according to the flesh, ¹⁶⁷  has discovered regarding this matter? ¹⁶⁸  4:2 For if Abraham was declared righteous ¹⁶⁹  by the works of the law, he has something to boast about – but not before God. 4:3 For what does the scripture say? “Abraham believed God, and it was credited ¹⁷⁰  to him as righteousness.” ¹⁷¹  4:4 Now to the one who works, his pay is not credited due to grace but due to obligation. ¹⁷²  4:5 But to the one who does not work, but believes in the one who declares the ungodly righteous, ¹⁷³  his faith is credited as righteousness.

4:6 So even David himself speaks regarding the blessedness of the man to whom God credits righteousness apart from works:

4:7 “Blessed ¹⁷⁴  are those whose lawless deeds are forgiven, and whose sins are covered;

4:8 blessed is the one ¹⁷⁵  against whom the Lord will never count ¹⁷⁶  sin.” ¹⁷⁷ 

4:9 Is this blessedness ¹⁷⁸  then for ¹⁷⁹  the circumcision ¹⁸⁰  or also for ¹⁸¹  the uncircumcision? For we say, “faith was credited to Abraham as righteousness.” ¹⁸²  4:10 How then was it credited to him? Was he circumcised at the time, or not? No, he was not circumcised but uncircumcised! 4:11 And he received the sign of circumcision as a seal of the righteousness that he had by faith while he was still uncircumcised, ¹⁸³  so that he would become ¹⁸⁴  the father of all those who believe but have never been circumcised, ¹⁸⁵  that they too could have righteousness credited to them. 4:12 And he is also the father of the circumcised, ¹⁸⁶  who are not only circumcised, but who also walk in the footsteps of the faith that our father Abraham possessed when he was still uncircumcised. ¹⁸⁷ 

4:13 For the promise ¹⁸⁸  to Abraham or to his descendants that he would inherit the world was not fulfilled through the law, but through the righteousness that comes by faith. 4:14 For if they become heirs by the law, faith is empty and the promise is nullified. ¹⁸⁹  4:15 For the law brings wrath, because where there is no law there is no transgression ¹⁹⁰  either. 4:16 For this reason it is by faith so that it may be by grace, ¹⁹¹  with the result that the promise may be certain to all the descendants – not only to those who are under the law, but also to those who have the faith of Abraham, ¹⁹²  who is the father of us all 4:17 (as it is written, “I have made you the father of many nations”). ¹⁹³  He is our father ¹⁹⁴  in the presence of God whom he believed – the God who ¹⁹⁵  makes the dead alive and summons the things that do not yet exist as though they already do. ¹⁹⁶  4:18 Against hope Abraham ¹⁹⁷  believed ¹⁹⁸  in hope with the result that he became the father of many nations ¹⁹⁹  according to the pronouncement, ²⁰⁰  “so will your descendants be.” ²⁰¹  4:19 Without being weak in faith, he considered ²⁰²  his own body as dead ²⁰³  (because he was about one hundred years old) and the deadness of Sarah’s womb. 4:20 He ²⁰⁴  did not waver in unbelief about the promise of God but was strengthened in faith, giving glory to God. 4:21 He was ²⁰⁵  fully convinced that what God ²⁰⁶  promised he was also able to do. 4:22 So indeed it was credited to Abraham ²⁰⁷  as righteousness.

4:23 But the statement it was credited to him ²⁰⁸  was not written only for Abraham’s ²⁰⁹  sake, 4:24 but also for our sake, to whom it will be credited, those who believe in the one who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead. 4:25 He ²¹⁰  was given over ²¹¹  because of our transgressions and was raised for the sake of ²¹²  our justification. ²¹³ 

5:1 ²¹⁴ Therefore, since we have been declared righteous by faith, we have ²¹⁵  peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ, 5:2 through whom we have also obtained access by faith into this grace in which we stand, and we rejoice ²¹⁶  in the hope of God’s glory. 5:3 Not ²¹⁷  only this, but we also rejoice in sufferings, knowing that suffering produces endurance, 5:4 and endurance, character, and character, hope. 5:5 And hope does not disappoint, because the love of God ²¹⁸  has been poured out ²¹⁹  in our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us.

5:6 For while we were still helpless, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly. 5:7 (For rarely will anyone die for a righteous person, though for a good person perhaps someone might possibly dare to die.) ²²⁰  5:8 But God demonstrates his own love for us, in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us. 5:9 Much more then, because we have now been declared righteous ²²¹  by his blood, ²²²  we will be saved through him from God’s wrath. ²²³  5:10 For if while we were enemies we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son, how much more, since we have been reconciled, will we be saved by his life? 5:11 Not ²²⁴  only this, but we also rejoice ²²⁵  in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received this reconciliation.

5:12 So then, just as sin entered the world through one man and death through sin, and so death spread to all people ²²⁶  because ²²⁷  all sinned – 5:13 for before the law was given, ²²⁸  sin was in the world, but there is no accounting for sin ²²⁹  when there is no law. 5:14 Yet death reigned from Adam until Moses even over those who did not sin in the same way that Adam (who is a type ²³⁰  of the coming one) transgressed. ²³¹  5:15 But the gracious gift is not like the transgression. ²³²  For if the many died through the transgression of the one man, ²³³  how much more did the grace of God and the gift by the grace of the one man Jesus Christ multiply to the many! 5:16 And the gift is not like the one who sinned. ²³⁴  For judgment, resulting from the one transgression, ²³⁵  led to condemnation, but ²³⁶  the gracious gift from the many failures ²³⁷  led to justification. 5:17 For if, by the transgression of the one man, ²³⁸  death reigned through the one, how much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, Jesus Christ!

5:18 Consequently, ²³⁹  just as condemnation ²⁴⁰  for all people ²⁴¹  came ²⁴²  through one transgression, ²⁴³  so too through the one righteous act ²⁴⁴  came righteousness leading to life ²⁴⁵  for all people. 5:19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man ²⁴⁶  many ²⁴⁷  were made sinners, so also through the obedience of one man ²⁴⁸  many ²⁴⁹  will be made righteous. 5:20 Now the law came in ²⁵⁰  so that the transgression ²⁵¹  may increase, but where sin increased, grace multiplied all the more, 5:21 so that just as sin reigned in death, so also grace will reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

6:1 What shall we say then? Are we to remain in sin so that grace may increase? 6:2 Absolutely not! How can we who died to sin still live in it? 6:3 Or do you not know that as many as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? 6:4 Therefore we have been buried with him through baptism into death, in order that just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we too may live a new life. ²⁵² 

6:5 For if we have become united with him in the likeness of his death, we will certainly also be united in the likeness of his resurrection. ²⁵³  6:6 We know that ²⁵⁴  our old man was crucified with him so that the body of sin would no longer dominate us, ²⁵⁵  so that we would no longer be enslaved to sin. 6:7 (For someone who has died has been freed from sin.) ²⁵⁶ 

6:8 Now if we died with Christ, we believe that we will also live with him. 6:9 We know ²⁵⁷  that since Christ has been raised from the dead, he is never going to die ²⁵⁸  again; death no longer has mastery over him. 6:10 For the death he died, he died to sin once for all, but the life he lives, he lives to God. 6:11 So you too consider yourselves ²⁵⁹  dead to sin, but ²⁶⁰  alive to God in Christ Jesus.

6:12 Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal body so that you obey its desires, 6:13 and do not present your members to sin as instruments ²⁶¹  to be used for unrighteousness, ²⁶²  but present yourselves to God as those who are alive from the dead and your members to God as instruments ²⁶³  to be used for righteousness. 6:14 For sin will have no mastery over you, because you are not under law but under grace.

6:15 What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law but under grace? Absolutely not! 6:16 Do you not know that if you present yourselves ²⁶⁴  as obedient slaves, ²⁶⁵  you are slaves of the one you obey, either of sin resulting in death, or obedience resulting in righteousness? ²⁶⁶  6:17 But thanks be to God that though you were slaves to sin, you obeyed ²⁶⁷  from the heart that pattern ²⁶⁸  of teaching you were entrusted to, 6:18 and having been freed from sin, you became enslaved to righteousness. 6:19 (I am speaking in human terms because of the weakness of your flesh.) ²⁶⁹  For just as you once presented your members as slaves to impurity and lawlessness leading to more lawlessness, so now present your members as slaves to righteousness leading to sanctification. 6:20 For when you were slaves of sin, you were free with regard to righteousness.

6:21 So what benefit ²⁷⁰  did you then reap ²⁷¹  from those things that you are now ashamed of? For the end of those things is death. 6:22 But now, freed ²⁷²  from sin and enslaved to God, you have your benefit ²⁷³  leading to sanctification, and the end is eternal life. 6:23 For the payoff ²⁷⁴  of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.

7:1 Or do you not know, brothers and sisters ²⁷⁵  (for I am speaking to those who know the law), that the law is lord over a person ²⁷⁶  as long as he lives? 7:2 For a married woman is bound by law to her husband as long as he lives, but if her ²⁷⁷  husband dies, she is released from the law of the marriage. ²⁷⁸  7:3 So then, ²⁷⁹  if she is joined to another man while her husband is alive, she will be called an adulteress. But if her ²⁸⁰  husband dies, she is free from that law, and if she is joined to another man, she is not an adulteress. 7:4 So, my brothers and sisters, ²⁸¹  you also died to the law through the body of Christ, so that you could be joined to another, to the one who was raised from the dead, to bear fruit to God. ²⁸²  7:5 For when we were in the flesh, ²⁸³  the sinful desires, ²⁸⁴  aroused by the law, were active in the members of our body ²⁸⁵  to bear fruit for death. 7:6 But now we have been released from the law, because we have died ²⁸⁶  to what controlled us, so that we may serve in the new life of the Spirit and not under the old written code. ²⁸⁷ 

7:7 What shall we say then? Is the law sin? Absolutely not! Certainly, I ²⁸⁸  would not have known sin except through the law. For indeed I would not have known what it means to desire something belonging to someone else ²⁸⁹  if the law had not said, “Do not covet.” ²⁹⁰  7:8 But sin, seizing the opportunity through the commandment, produced in me all kinds of wrong desires. ²⁹¹  For apart from the law, sin is dead. 7:9 And I was once alive apart from the law, but with the coming of the commandment sin became alive 7:10 and I died. So ²⁹²  I found that the very commandment that was intended to bring life brought death! ²⁹³  7:11 For sin, seizing the opportunity through the commandment, deceived me and through it I died. ²⁹⁴  7:12 So then, the law is holy, and the commandment is holy, righteous, and good.

7:13 Did that which is good, then, become death to me? Absolutely not! But sin, so that it would be shown to be sin, produced death in me through what is good, so that through the commandment sin would become utterly sinful. 7:14 For we know that the law is spiritual – but I am unspiritual, sold into slavery to sin. ²⁹⁵  7:15 For I don’t understand what I am doing. For I do not do what I want – instead, I do what I hate. ²⁹⁶  7:16 But if I do what I don’t want, I agree that the law is good. ²⁹⁷  7:17 But now it is no longer me doing it, but sin that lives in me. 7:18 For I know that nothing good lives in me, that is, in my flesh. For I want to do the good, but I cannot do it. ²⁹⁸  7:19 For I do not do the good I want, but I do the very evil I do not want! 7:20 Now if I do what I do not want, it is no longer me doing it but sin that lives in me.

7:21 So, I find the law that when I want to do good, evil is present with me. 7:22 For I delight in the law of God in my inner being. 7:23 But I see a different law in my members waging war against the law of my mind and making me captive to the law of sin that is in my members. 7:24 Wretched man that I am! Who will rescue me from this body of death? 7:25 Thanks be ²⁹⁹  to God through Jesus Christ our Lord! So then, ³⁰⁰  I myself serve the law of God with my mind, but ³⁰¹  with my flesh I serve ³⁰²  the law of sin.

8:1 There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus. ³⁰³  8:2 For the law of the life-giving Spirit ³⁰⁴  in Christ Jesus has set you ³⁰⁵  free from the law of sin and death. 8:3 For God achieved what the law could not do because ³⁰⁶  it was weakened through the flesh. By sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and concerning sin, he condemned sin in the flesh, 8:4 so that the righteous requirement of the law may be fulfilled in us, who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.

8:5 For those who live according to the flesh have their outlook shaped by ³⁰⁷  the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit have their outlook shaped by the things of the Spirit. 8:6 For the outlook ³⁰⁸  of the flesh is death, but the outlook of the Spirit is life and peace, 8:7 because the outlook of the flesh is hostile to God, for it does not submit to the law of God, nor is it able to do so. 8:8 Those who are in the flesh cannot please God. 8:9 You, however, are not in ³⁰⁹  the flesh but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God lives in you. Now if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, this person does not belong to him. 8:10 But if Christ is in you, your body is dead because of sin, but ³¹⁰  the Spirit is your life ³¹¹  because of righteousness. 8:11 Moreover if the Spirit of the one ³¹²  who raised Jesus from the dead lives in you, the one who raised Christ ³¹³  from the dead will also make your mortal bodies alive through his Spirit who lives in you. ³¹⁴ 

8:12 So then, ³¹⁵  brothers and sisters, ³¹⁶  we are under obligation, not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh 8:13 (for if you live according to the flesh, you will ³¹⁷  die), ³¹⁸  but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body you will live. 8:14 For all who are led by the Spirit of God are ³¹⁹  the sons of God. 8:15 For you did not receive the spirit of slavery leading again to fear, ³²⁰  but you received the Spirit of adoption, ³²¹  by whom ³²²  we cry, “Abba, Father.” 8:16 The Spirit himself bears witness to ³²³  our spirit that we are God’s children. 8:17 And if children, then heirs (namely, heirs of God and also fellow heirs with Christ) ³²⁴  – if indeed we suffer with him so we may also be glorified with him.

8:18 For I consider that our present sufferings cannot even be compared ³²⁵  to the glory that will be revealed to us. 8:19 For the creation eagerly waits for the revelation of the sons of God. 8:20 For the creation was subjected to futility – not willingly but because of God ³²⁶  who subjected it – in hope 8:21 that the creation itself will also be set free from the bondage of decay into the glorious freedom of God’s children. 8:22 For we know that the whole creation groans and suffers together until now. 8:23 Not only this, but we ourselves also, who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, ³²⁷  groan inwardly as we eagerly await our adoption, ³²⁸  the redemption of our bodies. ³²⁹  8:24 For in hope we were saved. Now hope that is seen is not hope, because who hopes for what he sees? 8:25 But if we hope for what we do not see, we eagerly wait for it with endurance. ³³⁰ 

8:26 In the same way, the Spirit helps us in our weakness, for we do not know how we should pray, ³³¹  but the Spirit himself intercedes for us with inexpressible groanings. 8:27 And he ³³²  who searches our hearts knows the mind of the Spirit, because the Spirit ³³³  intercedes on behalf of the saints according to God’s will. 8:28 And we know that all things work together ³³⁴  for good for those who love God, who are called according to his purpose, 8:29 because those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, that his Son ³³⁵  would be the firstborn among many brothers and sisters. ³³⁶  8:30 And those he predestined, he also called; and those he called, he also justified; and those he justified, he also glorified.

8:31 What then shall we say about these things? If God is for us, who can be against us? 8:32 Indeed, he who ³³⁷  did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all – how will he not also, along with him, freely give us all things? 8:33 Who will bring any charge against God’s elect? ³³⁸  It is God who justifies. 8:34 Who is the one who will condemn? Christ ³³⁹  is the one who died (and more than that, he was raised), who is at the right hand of God, and who also is interceding for us. 8:35 Who will separate us from the love of Christ? Will trouble, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or danger, or sword? ³⁴⁰  8:36 As it is written, “For your sake we encounter death all day long; we were considered as sheep to be slaughtered.” ³⁴¹  8:37 No, in all these things we have complete victory ³⁴²  through him ³⁴³  who loved us! 8:38 For I am convinced that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor heavenly rulers, ³⁴⁴  nor things that are present, nor things to come, nor powers, 8:39 nor height, nor depth, nor anything else in creation will be able to separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord.

9:1 ³⁴⁵ 

I am telling the truth in Christ (I am not lying!), for my conscience assures me ³⁴⁶  in the Holy Spirit – 9:2 I have great sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart. ³⁴⁷  9:3 For I could wish ³⁴⁸  that I myself were accursed – cut off from Christ – for the sake of my people, ³⁴⁹  my fellow countrymen, ³⁵⁰  9:4 who are Israelites. To them belong ³⁵¹  the adoption as sons, ³⁵²  the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the temple worship, ³⁵³  and the promises. 9:5 To them belong the patriarchs, ³⁵⁴  and from them, ³⁵⁵  by human descent, ³⁵⁶  came the Christ, ³⁵⁷  who is God over all, blessed forever! ³⁵⁸  Amen.

9:6 It is not as though the word of God had failed. For not all those who are descended from Israel are truly Israel, ³⁵⁹  9:7 nor are all the children Abraham’s true descendants; rather “through Isaac will your descendants be counted.” ³⁶⁰  9:8 This means ³⁶¹  it is not the children of the flesh ³⁶²  who are the children of God; rather, the children of promise are counted as descendants. 9:9 For this is what the promise declared: ³⁶³  “About a year from now ³⁶⁴  I will return and Sarah will have a son.” ³⁶⁵  9:10 Not only that, but when Rebekah had conceived children by one man, ³⁶⁶  our ancestor Isaac – 9:11 even before they were born or had done anything good or bad (so that God’s purpose in election ³⁶⁷  would stand, not by works but by ³⁶⁸  his calling) ³⁶⁹  – 9:12 ³⁷⁰  it was said to her, “The older will serve the younger,” ³⁷¹  9:13 just as it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.” ³⁷² 

9:14 What shall we say then? Is there injustice with God? Absolutely not! 9:15 For he says to Moses: “I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.” ³⁷³  9:16 So then, ³⁷⁴  it does not depend on human desire or exertion, ³⁷⁵  but on God who shows mercy. 9:17 For the scripture says to Pharaoh: ³⁷⁶  “For this very purpose I have raised you up, that I may demonstrate my power in you, and that my name may be proclaimed in all the earth.” ³⁷⁷  9:18 So then, ³⁷⁸  God ³⁷⁹  has mercy on whom he chooses to have mercy, and he hardens whom he chooses to harden. ³⁸⁰ 

9:19 You will say to me then, “Why does he still find fault? For who has ever resisted his will?” 9:20 But who indeed are you – a mere human being ³⁸¹  – to talk back to God? ³⁸²  Does what is molded say to the molder, “Why have you made me like this?” ³⁸³  9:21 Has the potter no right to make from the same lump of clay ³⁸⁴  one vessel for special use and another for ordinary use? ³⁸⁵  9:22 But what if God, willing to demonstrate his wrath and to make known his power, has endured with much patience the objects ³⁸⁶  of wrath ³⁸⁷  prepared for destruction? ³⁸⁸  9:23 And what if he is willing to make known the wealth of his glory on the objects ³⁸⁹  of mercy that he has prepared beforehand for glory – 9:24 even us, whom he has called, not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles? 9:25 As he also says in Hosea:

“I will call those who were not my people, ‘My people,’ and I will call her who was unloved, ³⁹⁰  ‘My beloved.’” ³⁹¹ 

9:26 “And in the very place ³⁹²  where it was said to them, ‘You are not my people,’

there they will be called ‘sons of the living God.’” ³⁹³ 

9:27 And Isaiah cries out on behalf of Israel, “Though the number of the children ³⁹⁴  of Israel are as the sand of the sea, only the remnant will be saved, 9:28 for the Lord will execute his sentence on the earth completely and quickly.” ³⁹⁵  9:29 Just ³⁹⁶  as Isaiah predicted,

“If the Lord of armies ³⁹⁷  had not left us descendants,

we would have become like Sodom,

and we would have resembled Gomorrah.” ³⁹⁸ 

9:30 What shall we say then? – that the Gentiles who did not pursue righteousness obtained it, that is, a righteousness that is by faith, 9:31 but Israel even though pursuing ³⁹⁹  a law of righteousness ⁴⁰⁰  did not attain it. ⁴⁰¹  9:32 Why not? Because they pursued ⁴⁰²  it not by faith but (as if it were possible) by works. ⁴⁰³  They stumbled over the stumbling stone, ⁴⁰⁴  9:33 just as it is written,

“Look, I am laying in Zion a stone that will cause people to stumble

and a rock that will make them fall, ⁴⁰⁵ 

yet the one who believes in him will not be put to shame.” ⁴⁰⁶ 

10:1 Brothers and sisters, ⁴⁰⁷  my heart’s desire and prayer to God on behalf of my fellow Israelites ⁴⁰⁸  is for their salvation. 10:2 For I can testify that they are zealous for God, ⁴⁰⁹  but their zeal is not in line with the truth. ⁴¹⁰  10:3 For ignoring the righteousness that comes from God, and seeking instead to establish their own righteousness, they did not submit to God’s righteousness. 10:4 For Christ is the end of the law, with the result that there is righteousness for everyone who believes.

10:5 For Moses writes about the righteousness that is by the law: “The one who does these things will live by them.” ⁴¹¹  10:6 But the righteousness that is by faith says: “Do not say in your heart, ⁴¹²  ‘Who will ascend into heaven?’” ⁴¹³  (that is, to bring Christ down) 10:7 or “Who will descend into the abyss?” ⁴¹⁴  (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead). 10:8 But what does it say? “The word is near you, in your mouth and in your heart” ⁴¹⁵  (that is, the word of faith that we preach), 10:9 because if you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord ⁴¹⁶  and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. 10:10 For with the heart one believes and thus has righteousness ⁴¹⁷  and with the mouth one confesses and thus has salvation. ⁴¹⁸  10:11 For the scripture says, “Everyone who believes in him will not be put to shame.” ⁴¹⁹  10:12 For there is no distinction between the Jew and the Greek, for the same Lord is Lord of all, who richly blesses all who call on him. 10:13 For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved. ⁴²⁰ 

10:14 How are they to call on one they have not believed in? And how are they to believe in one they have not heard of? And how are they to hear without someone preaching to them ⁴²¹ ? 10:15 And how are they to preach unless they are sent? As it is written, “How timely ⁴²²  is the arrival ⁴²³  of those who proclaim the good news.” ⁴²⁴  10:16 But not all have obeyed the good news, for Isaiah says, “Lord, who has believed our report?” ⁴²⁵  10:17 Consequently faith comes from what is heard, and what is heard comes through the preached word ⁴²⁶  of Christ. ⁴²⁷ 

10:18 But I ask, have they ⁴²⁸  not heard? ⁴²⁹  Yes, they have: ⁴³⁰  Their voice has gone out to all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world. ⁴³¹  10:19 But again I ask, didn’t Israel understand? ⁴³²  First Moses says, “I will make you jealous by those who are not a nation; with a senseless nation I will provoke you to anger.” ⁴³³  10:20 And Isaiah is even bold enough to say, “I was found by those who did not seek me; I became well known to those who did not ask for me.” ⁴³⁴  10:21 But about Israel he says, “All day long I held out my hands to this disobedient and stubborn people!” ⁴³⁵ 

11:1 So I ask, God has not rejected his people, has he? Absolutely not! For I too am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin. 11:2 God has not rejected his people whom he foreknew! Do you not know what the scripture says about Elijah, how he pleads with God against Israel? 11:3 “Lord, they have killed your prophets, they have demolished your altars; I alone am left and they are seeking my life!” ⁴³⁶  11:4 But what was the divine response ⁴³⁷  to him? “I have kept for myself seven thousand people ⁴³⁸  who have not bent the knee to Baal.” ⁴³⁹ 

11:5 So in the same way at the present time there is a remnant chosen by grace. 11:6 And if it is by grace, it is no longer by works, otherwise grace would no longer be grace. 11:7 What then? Israel failed to obtain what it was diligently seeking, but the elect obtained it. The ⁴⁴⁰  rest were hardened, 11:8 as it is written,

“God gave them a spirit of stupor,

eyes that would not see and ears that would not hear,

to this very day.” ⁴⁴¹ 

11:9 And David says,

“Let their table become a snare and trap,

a stumbling block and a retribution for them;

11:10 let their eyes be darkened so that they may not see,

and make their backs bend continually.” ⁴⁴² 

11:11 I ask then, they did not stumble into an irrevocable fall, ⁴⁴³  did they? Absolutely not! But by their transgression salvation has come to the Gentiles, to make Israel ⁴⁴⁴  jealous. 11:12 Now if their transgression means riches for the world and their defeat means riches for the Gentiles, how much more will their full restoration ⁴⁴⁵  bring?

11:13 Now I am speaking to you Gentiles. Seeing that I am an apostle to the Gentiles, I magnify my ministry, 11:14 if somehow I could provoke my people to jealousy and save some of them. 11:15 For if their rejection is the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead? 11:16 If the first portion ⁴⁴⁶  of the dough offered is holy, then the whole batch is holy, and if the root is holy, so too are the branches. ⁴⁴⁷ 

11:17 Now if some of the branches were broken off, and you, a wild olive shoot, were grafted in among them and participated in ⁴⁴⁸  the richness of the olive root, 11:18 do not boast over the branches. But if you boast, remember that you do not support the root, but the root supports you. 11:19 Then you will say, “The branches were broken off so that I could be grafted in.” 11:20 Granted! ⁴⁴⁹  They were broken off because of their unbelief, but you stand by faith. Do not be arrogant, but fear! 11:21 For if God did not spare the natural branches, perhaps he will not spare you. 11:22 Notice therefore the kindness and harshness of God – harshness toward those who have fallen, but ⁴⁵⁰  God’s kindness toward you, provided you continue in his kindness; ⁴⁵¹  otherwise you also will be cut off. 11:23 And even they – if they do not continue in their unbelief – will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again. 11:24 For if you were cut off from what is by nature a wild olive tree, and grafted, contrary to nature, into a cultivated olive tree, how much more will these natural branches be grafted back into their own olive tree?

11:25 For I do not want you to be ignorant of this mystery, brothers and sisters, ⁴⁵²  so that you may not be conceited: A partial hardening has happened to Israel ⁴⁵³  until the full number ⁴⁵⁴  of the Gentiles has come in. 11:26 And so ⁴⁵⁵  all Israel will be saved, as it is written:

“The Deliverer will come out of Zion;

he will remove ungodliness from Jacob.

11:27 And this is my covenant with them, ⁴⁵⁶ 

when I take away their sins.” ⁴⁵⁷ 

11:28 In regard to the gospel they are enemies for your sake, but in regard to election they are dearly loved for the sake of the fathers. 11:29 For the gifts and the call of God are irrevocable. 11:30 Just as you were formerly disobedient to God, but have now received mercy due to their disobedience, 11:31 so they too have now been disobedient in order that, by the mercy shown to you, they too may now ⁴⁵⁸  receive mercy. 11:32 For God has consigned all people to disobedience so that he may show mercy to them all. ⁴⁵⁹ 

11:33 Oh, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments and how fathomless his ways!

11:34 For who has known the mind of the Lord,

or who has been his counselor? ⁴⁶⁰ 

11:35 Or who has first given to God, ⁴⁶¹ 

that God ⁴⁶²  needs to repay him? ⁴⁶³ 

11:36 For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be glory forever! Amen.