Bible: Genesis 16-50
The Birth of Ishmael
16:1 Now Sarai, 1 Abram’s wife, had not given birth to any children, 2 but she had an Egyptian servant 3 named Hagar. 4 16:2 So Sarai said to Abram, “Since 5 the
16:3 So after Abram had lived 9 in Canaan for ten years, Sarai, Abram’s wife, gave Hagar, her Egyptian servant, 10 to her husband to be his wife. 11 16:4 He had sexual relations with 12 Hagar, and she became pregnant. 13 Once Hagar realized she was pregnant, she despised Sarai. 14 16:5 Then Sarai said to Abram, “You have brought this wrong on me! 15 I allowed my servant to have sexual relations with you, 16 but when she realized 17 that she was pregnant, she despised me. 18 May the
16:6 Abram said to Sarai, “Since your 20 servant is under your authority, 21 do to her whatever you think best.” 22 Then Sarai treated Hagar 23 harshly, 24 so she ran away from Sarai. 25
16:7 The
16:9 Then the
“You are now 32 pregnant
and are about to give birth 33 to a son.
You are to name him Ishmael, 34
for the
16:12 He will be a wild donkey 36 of a man.
He will be hostile to everyone, 37
and everyone will be hostile to him. 38
He will live away from 39 his brothers.”
16:13 So Hagar named the
16:15 So Hagar gave birth to Abram’s son, whom Abram named Ishmael. 45 16:16 (Now 46 Abram was 86 years old 47 when Hagar gave birth to Ishmael.) 48
The Sign of the Covenant
17:1 When Abram was 99 years old, 49 the
17:3 Abram bowed down with his face to the ground, 57 and God said to him, 58 17:4 “As for me, 59 this 60 is my covenant with you: You will be the father of a multitude of nations. 17:5 No longer will your name be 61 Abram. Instead, your name will be Abraham 62 because I will make you 63 the father of a multitude of nations. 17:6 I will make you 64 extremely 65 fruitful. I will make nations of you, and kings will descend from you. 66 17:7 I will confirm 67 my covenant as a perpetual 68 covenant between me and you. It will extend to your descendants after you throughout their generations. I will be your God and the God of your descendants after you. 69 17:8 I will give the whole land of Canaan – the land where you are now residing 70 – to you and your descendants after you as a permanent 71 possession. I will be their God.”
17:9 Then God said to Abraham, “As for you, you must keep 72 the covenantal requirement 73 I am imposing on you and your descendants after you throughout their generations. 17:10 This is my requirement that you and your descendants after you must keep: 74 Every male among you must be circumcised. 75 17:11 You must circumcise the flesh of your foreskins. This will be a reminder 76 of the covenant between me and you. 17:12 Throughout your generations every male among you who is eight days old 77 must be circumcised, whether born in your house or bought with money from any foreigner who is not one of your descendants. 17:13 They must indeed be circumcised, 78 whether born in your house or bought with money. The sign of my covenant 79 will be visible in your flesh as a permanent 80 reminder. 17:14 Any uncircumcised male 81 who has not been circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin will be cut off 82 from his people – he has failed to carry out my requirement.” 83
17:15 Then God said to Abraham, “As for your wife, you must no longer call her Sarai; 84 Sarah 85 will be her name. 17:16 I will bless her and will give you a son through her. I will bless her and she will become a mother of nations. 86 Kings of countries 87 will come from her!”
17:17 Then Abraham bowed down with his face to the ground and laughed 88 as he said to himself, 89 “Can 90 a son be born to a man who is a hundred years old? 91 Can Sarah 92 bear a child at the age of ninety?” 93 17:18 Abraham said to God, “O that 94 Ishmael might live before you!” 95
17:19 God said, “No, Sarah your wife is going to bear you a son, and you will name him Isaac. 96 I will confirm my covenant with him as a perpetual 97 covenant for his descendants after him. 17:20 As for Ishmael, I have heard you. 98 I will indeed bless him, make him fruitful, and give him a multitude of descendants. 99 He will become the father of twelve princes; 100 I will make him into a great nation. 17:21 But I will establish my covenant with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you at this set time next year.” 17:22 When he finished speaking with Abraham, God went up from him. 101
17:23 Abraham took his son Ishmael and every male in his household (whether born in his house or bought with money) 102 and circumcised them 103 on that very same day, just as God had told him to do. 17:24 Now Abraham was 99 years old 104 when he was circumcised; 105 17:25 his son Ishmael was thirteen years old 106 when he was circumcised. 17:26 Abraham and his son Ishmael were circumcised on the very same day. 17:27 All the men of his household, whether born in his household or bought with money from a foreigner, were circumcised with him.
Three Special Visitors
18:1 The
18:3 He said, “My lord, 118 if I have found favor in your sight, do not pass by and leave your servant. 119 18:4 Let a little water be brought so that 120 you may all 121 wash your feet and rest under the tree. 18:5 And let me get 122 a bit of food 123 so that you may refresh yourselves 124 since you have passed by your servant’s home. After that you may be on your way.” 125 “All right,” they replied, “you may do as you say.”
18:6 So Abraham hurried into the tent and said to Sarah, “Quick! Take 126 three measures 127 of fine flour, knead it, and make bread.” 128 18:7 Then Abraham ran to the herd and chose a fine, tender calf, and gave it to a servant, 129 who quickly prepared it. 130 18:8 Abraham 131 then took some curds and milk, along with the calf that had been prepared, and placed the food 132 before them. They ate while 133 he was standing near them under a tree.
18:9 Then they asked him, “Where is Sarah your wife?” He replied, “There, 134 in the tent.” 18:10 One of them 135 said, “I will surely return 136 to you when the season comes round again, 137 and your wife Sarah will have a son!” 138 (Now Sarah was listening at the entrance to the tent, not far behind him. 139 18:11 Abraham and Sarah were old and advancing in years; 140 Sarah had long since passed menopause.) 141 18:12 So Sarah laughed to herself, thinking, 142 “After I am worn out will I have pleasure, 143 especially when my husband is old too?” 144
18:13 The
Abraham Pleads for Sodom
18:16 When the men got up to leave, 150 they looked out over 151 Sodom. (Now 152 Abraham was walking with them to see them on their way.) 153 18:17 Then the
18:20 So the
18:22 The two men turned 168 and headed 169 toward Sodom, but Abraham was still standing before the
18:26 So the
18:27 Then Abraham asked, “Since I have undertaken to speak to the Lord 174 (although I am but dust and ashes), 175 18:28 what if there are five less than the fifty godly people? Will you destroy 176 the whole city because five are lacking?” 177 He replied, “I will not destroy it if I find forty-five there.”
18:29 Abraham 178 spoke to him again, 179 “What if forty are found there?” He replied, “I will not do it for the sake of the forty.”
18:30 Then Abraham 180 said, “May the Lord not be angry 181 so that I may speak! 182 What if thirty are found there?” He replied, “I will not do it if I find thirty there.”
18:31 Abraham 183 said, “Since I have undertaken to speak to the Lord, what if only twenty are found there?” He replied, “I will not destroy it for the sake of the twenty.”
18:32 Finally Abraham 184 said, “May the Lord not be angry so that I may speak just once more. What if ten are found there?” He replied, “I will not destroy it for the sake of the ten.”
18:33 The
The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah
19:1 The two angels came to Sodom in the evening while 188 Lot was sitting in the city’s gateway. 189 When Lot saw them, he got up to meet them and bowed down with his face toward the ground.
19:2 He said, “Here, my lords, please turn aside to your servant’s house. Stay the night 190 and wash your feet. Then you can be on your way early in the morning.” 191 “No,” they replied, “we’ll spend the night in the town square.” 192
19:3 But he urged 193 them persistently, so they turned aside with him and entered his house. He prepared a feast for them, including bread baked without yeast, and they ate. 19:4 Before they could lie down to sleep, 194 all the men – both young and old, from every part of the city of Sodom – surrounded the house. 195 19:5 They shouted to Lot, 196 “Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so we can have sex 197 with them!”
19:6 Lot went outside to them, shutting the door behind him. 19:7 He said, “No, my brothers! Don’t act so wickedly! 198 19:8 Look, I have two daughters who have never had sexual relations with 199 a man. Let me bring them out to you, and you can do to them whatever you please. 200 Only don’t do anything to these men, for they have come under the protection 201 of my roof.” 202
19:9 “Out of our way!” 203 they cried, and “This man came to live here as a foreigner, 204 and now he dares to judge us! 205 We’ll do more harm 206 to you than to them!” They kept 207 pressing in on Lot until they were close enough 208 to break down the door.
19:10 So the men inside 209 reached out 210 and pulled Lot back into the house 211 as they shut the door. 19:11 Then they struck the men who were at the door of the house, from the youngest to the oldest, 212 with blindness. The men outside 213 wore themselves out trying to find the door. 19:12 Then the two visitors 214 said to Lot, “Who else do you have here? 215 Do you have 216 any sons-in-law, sons, daughters, or other relatives in the city? 217 Get them out of this 218 place 19:13 because we are about to destroy 219 it. The outcry against this place 220 is so great before the
19:14 Then Lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-law who were going to marry his daughters. 222 He said, “Quick, get out of this place because the
19:15 At dawn 225 the angels hurried Lot along, saying, “Get going! Take your wife and your two daughters who are here, 226 or else you will be destroyed when the city is judged!” 227 19:16 When Lot 228 hesitated, the men grabbed his hand and the hands of his wife and two daughters because the
19:18 But Lot said to them, “No, please, Lord! 235 19:19 Your 236 servant has found favor with you, 237 and you have shown me great 238 kindness 239 by sparing 240 my life. But I am not able to escape to the mountains because 241 this disaster will overtake 242 me and I’ll die. 243 19:20 Look, this town 244 over here is close enough to escape to, and it’s just a little one. 245 Let me go there. 246 It’s just a little place, isn’t it? 247 Then I’ll survive.” 248
19:21 “Very well,” he replied, 249 “I will grant this request too 250 and will not overthrow 251 the town you mentioned. 19:22 Run there quickly, 252 for I cannot do anything until you arrive there.” (This incident explains why the town was called Zoar.) 253
19:23 The sun had just risen 254 over the land as Lot reached Zoar. 255 19:24 Then the
19:27 Abraham got up early in the morning and went 263 to the place where he had stood before the
19:29 So when God destroyed 267 the cities of the region, 268 God honored 269 Abraham’s request. He removed Lot 270 from the midst of the destruction when he destroyed 271 the cities Lot had lived in.
19:30 Lot went up from Zoar with his two daughters and settled in the mountains because he was afraid to live in Zoar. So he lived in a cave with his two daughters. 19:31 Later the older daughter said 272 to the younger, “Our father is old, and there is no man anywhere nearby 273 to have sexual relations with us, 274 according to the way of all the world. 19:32 Come, let’s make our father drunk with wine 275 so we can have sexual relations 276 with him and preserve 277 our family line through our father.” 278
19:33 So that night they made their father drunk with wine, 279 and the older daughter 280 came and had sexual relations with her father. 281 But he was not aware that she had sexual relations with him and then got up. 282 19:34 So in the morning the older daughter 283 said to the younger, “Since I had sexual relations with my father last night, let’s make him drunk again tonight. 284 Then you go and have sexual relations with him so we can preserve our family line through our father.” 285 19:35 So they made their father drunk 286 that night as well, and the younger one came and had sexual relations with him. 287 But he was not aware that she had sexual relations with him and then got up. 288
19:36 In this way both of Lot’s daughters became pregnant by their father. 19:37 The older daughter 289 gave birth to a son and named him Moab. 290 He is the ancestor of the Moabites of today. 19:38 The younger daughter also gave birth to a son and named him Ben-Ammi. 291 He is the ancestor of the Ammonites of today.
Abraham and Abimelech
20:1 Abraham journeyed from there to the Negev 292 region and settled between Kadesh and Shur. While he lived as a temporary resident 293 in Gerar, 20:2 Abraham said about his wife Sarah, “She is my sister.” So Abimelech, king of Gerar, sent for Sarah and took her.
20:3 But God appeared 294 to Abimelech in a dream at night and said to him, “You are as good as dead 295 because of the woman you have taken, for she is someone else’s wife.” 296
20:4 Now Abimelech had not gone near her. He said, “Lord, 297 would you really slaughter an innocent nation? 298 20:5 Did Abraham 299 not say to me, ‘She is my sister’? And she herself said, 300 ‘He is my brother.’ I have done this with a clear conscience 301 and with innocent hands!”
20:6 Then in the dream God replied to him, “Yes, I know that you have done this with a clear conscience. 302 That is why I have kept you 303 from sinning against me and why 304 I did not allow you to touch her. 20:7 But now give back the man’s wife. Indeed 305 he is a prophet 306 and he will pray for you; thus you will live. 307 But if you don’t give her back, 308 know that you will surely die 309 along with all who belong to you.”
20:8 Early in the morning 310 Abimelech summoned 311 all his servants. When he told them about all these things, 312 they 313 were terrified. 20:9 Abimelech summoned Abraham and said to him, “What have you done to us? What sin did I commit against you that would cause you to bring such great guilt on me and my kingdom? 314 You have done things to me that should not be done!” 315 20:10 Then Abimelech asked 316 Abraham, “What prompted you to do this thing?” 317
20:11 Abraham replied, “Because I thought, 318 ‘Surely no one fears God in this place. They will kill me because of 319 my wife.’ 20:12 What’s more, 320 she is indeed my sister, my father’s daughter, but not my mother’s daughter. She became my wife. 20:13 When God made me wander 321 from my father’s house, I told her, ‘This is what you can do to show your loyalty to me: 322 Every place we go, say about me, “He is my brother.”’”
20:14 So Abimelech gave 323 sheep, cattle, and male and female servants to Abraham. He also gave his wife Sarah back to him. 20:15 Then Abimelech said, “Look, my land is before you; live wherever you please.” 324
20:16 To Sarah he said, “Look, I have given a thousand pieces of silver 325 to your ‘brother.’ 326 This is compensation for you so that you will stand vindicated before all who are with you.” 327
20:17 Abraham prayed to God, and God healed Abimelech, as well as his wife and female slaves so that they were able to have children. 20:18 For the
The Birth of Isaac
21:1 The
21:6 Sarah said, “God has made me laugh. 339 Everyone who hears about this 340 will laugh 341 with me.” 21:7 She went on to say, 342 “Who would 343 have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children? Yet I have given birth to a son for him in his old age!”
21:8 The child grew and was weaned. Abraham prepared 344 a great feast on the day that Isaac was weaned. 345 21:9 But Sarah noticed 346 the son of Hagar the Egyptian – the son whom Hagar had borne to Abraham – mocking. 347 21:10 So she said to Abraham, “Banish 348 that slave woman and her son, for the son of that slave woman will not be an heir along with my son Isaac!”
21:11 Sarah’s demand displeased Abraham greatly because Ishmael was his son. 349 21:12 But God said to Abraham, “Do not be upset 350 about the boy or your slave wife. Do 351 all that Sarah is telling 352 you because through Isaac your descendants will be counted. 353 21:13 But I will also make the son of the slave wife into a great nation, for he is your descendant too.”
21:14 Early in the morning Abraham took 354 some food 355 and a skin of water and gave them to Hagar. He put them on her shoulders, gave her the child, 356 and sent her away. So she went wandering 357 aimlessly through the wilderness 358 of Beer Sheba. 21:15 When the water in the skin was gone, she shoved 359 the child under one of the shrubs. 21:16 Then she went and sat down by herself across from him at quite a distance, about a bowshot 360 away; for she thought, 361 “I refuse to watch the child die.” 362 So she sat across from him and wept uncontrollably. 363
21:17 But God heard the boy’s voice. 364 The angel of God called to Hagar from heaven and asked her, “What is the matter, 365 Hagar? Don’t be afraid, for God has heard 366 the boy’s voice right where he is crying. 21:18 Get up! Help the boy up and hold him by the hand, for I will make him into a great nation.” 21:19 Then God enabled Hagar to see a well of water. 367 She went over and filled the skin with water, and then gave the boy a drink.
21:20 God was with the boy as he grew. He lived in the wilderness and became an archer. 21:21 He lived in the wilderness of Paran. 368 His mother found a wife for him from the land of Egypt. 369
21:22 At that time Abimelech and Phicol, the commander of his army, said to Abraham, “God is with you 370 in all that you do. 21:23 Now swear to me right here in God’s name 371 that you will not deceive me, my children, or my descendants. 372 Show me, and the land 373 where you are staying, 374 the same loyalty 375 that I have shown you.” 376
21:24 Abraham said, “I swear to do this.” 377 21:25 But Abraham lodged a complaint 378 against Abimelech concerning a well 379 that Abimelech’s servants had seized. 380 21:26 “I do not know who has done this thing,” Abimelech replied. “Moreover, 381 you did not tell me. I did not hear about it until today.”
21:27 Abraham took some sheep and cattle and gave them to Abimelech. The two of them made a treaty. 382 21:28 Then Abraham set seven ewe lambs apart from the flock by themselves. 21:29 Abimelech asked Abraham, “What is the meaning of these 383 seven ewe lambs that you have set apart?” 21:30 He replied, “You must take these seven ewe lambs from my hand as legal proof 384 that I dug this well.” 385 21:31 That is why he named that place 386 Beer Sheba, 387 because the two of them swore 388 an oath there.
21:32 So they made a treaty 389 at Beer Sheba. Then Abimelech and Phicol, the commander of his army, returned 390 to the land of the Philistines. 391 21:33 Abraham 392 planted a tamarisk tree 393 in Beer Sheba. There he worshiped the
The Sacrifice of Isaac
22:1 Some time after these things God tested 396 Abraham. He said to him, “Abraham!” “Here I am!” Abraham 397 replied. 22:2 God 398 said, “Take your son – your only son, whom you love, Isaac 399 – and go to the land of Moriah! 400 Offer him up there as a burnt offering 401 on one of the mountains which I will indicate to 402 you.”
22:3 Early in the morning Abraham got up and saddled his donkey. 403 He took two of his young servants with him, along with his son Isaac. When he had cut the wood for the burnt offering, he started out 404 for the place God had spoken to him about.
22:4 On the third day Abraham caught sight of 405 the place in the distance. 22:5 So he 406 said to his servants, “You two stay 407 here with the donkey while 408 the boy and I go up there. We will worship 409 and then return to you.” 410
22:6 Abraham took the wood for the burnt offering and put it on his son Isaac. Then he took the fire and the knife in his hand, 411 and the two of them walked on together. 22:7 Isaac said to his father Abraham, 412 “My father?” “What is it, 413 my son?” he replied. “Here is the fire and the wood,” Isaac said, 414 “but where is the lamb for the burnt offering?” 22:8 “God will provide 415 for himself the lamb for the burnt offering, my son,” Abraham replied. The two of them continued on together.
22:9 When they came to the place God had told him about, Abraham built the altar there 416 and arranged the wood on it. Next he tied up 417 his son Isaac and placed him on the altar on top of the wood. 22:10 Then Abraham reached out his hand, took the knife, and prepared to slaughter 418 his son. 22:11 But the
22:13 Abraham looked up 424 and saw 425 behind him 426 a ram caught in the bushes by its horns. So he 427 went over and got the ram and offered it up as a burnt offering instead of his son. 22:14 And Abraham called the name of that place “The
22:15 The
22:19 Then Abraham returned to his servants, and they set out together 440 for Beer Sheba where Abraham stayed. 441
22:20 After these things Abraham was told, “Milcah 442 also has borne children to your brother Nahor – 22:21 Uz the firstborn, his brother Buz, Kemuel (the father of Aram), 443 22:22 Kesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel.” 22:23 (Now 444 Bethuel became the father of Rebekah.) These were the eight sons Milcah bore to Abraham’s brother Nahor. 22:24 His concubine, whose name was Reumah, also bore him children – Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah.
The Death of Sarah
23:1 Sarah lived 127 years. 445 23:2 Then she 446 died in Kiriath Arba (that is, Hebron) in the land of Canaan. Abraham went to mourn for Sarah and to weep for her. 447
23:3 Then Abraham got up from mourning his dead wife 448 and said to the sons of Heth, 449 23:4 “I am a temporary settler 450 among you. Grant 451 me ownership 452 of a burial site among you so that I may 453 bury my dead.” 454
23:5 The sons of Heth answered Abraham, 455 23:6 “Listen, sir, 456 you are a mighty prince 457 among us! You may bury your dead in the choicest of our tombs. None of us will refuse you his tomb to prevent you 458 from burying your dead.”
23:7 Abraham got up and bowed down to the local people, 459 the sons of Heth. 23:8 Then he said to them, “If you agree 460 that I may bury my dead, 461 then hear me out. 462 Ask 463 Ephron the son of Zohar 23:9 if he will sell 464 me the cave of Machpelah that belongs to him; it is at the end of his field. Let him sell it to me publicly 465 for the full price, 466 so that I may own it as a burial site.”
23:10 (Now Ephron was sitting among the sons of Heth.) Ephron the Hethite 467 replied to Abraham in the hearing 468 of the sons of Heth – before all who entered the gate 469 of his city – 23:11 “No, my lord! Hear me out. I sell 470 you both the field and the cave that is in it. 471 In the presence of my people 472 I sell it to you. Bury your dead.”
23:12 Abraham bowed before the local people 23:13 and said to Ephron in their hearing, “Hear me, if you will. I pay 473 to you the price 474 of the field. Take it from me so that I may 475 bury my dead there.”
23:14 Ephron answered Abraham, saying to him, 23:15 “Hear me, my lord. The land is worth 476 400 pieces of silver, 477 but what is that between me and you? So bury your dead.”
23:16 So Abraham agreed to Ephron’s price 478 and weighed 479 out for him 480 the price 481 that Ephron had quoted 482 in the hearing of the sons of Heth – 400 pieces of silver, according to the standard measurement at the time. 483
23:17 So Abraham secured 484 Ephron’s field in Machpelah, next to Mamre, including the field, the cave that was in it, and all the trees that were in the field and all around its border, 23:18 as his property in the presence of the sons of Heth before all who entered the gate of Ephron’s city. 485
23:19 After this Abraham buried his wife Sarah in the cave in the field of Machpelah next to Mamre (that is, Hebron) in the land of Canaan. 23:20 So Abraham secured the field and the cave that was in it as a burial site 486 from the sons of Heth.
The Wife for Isaac
24:1 Now Abraham was old, well advanced in years, 487 and the
24:5 The servant asked him, “What if the woman is not willing to come back with me 495 to this land? Must I then 496 take your son back to the land from which you came?”
24:6 “Be careful 497 never to take my son back there!” Abraham told him. 498 24:7 “The
24:10 Then the servant took ten of his master’s camels and departed with all kinds of gifts from his master at his disposal. 506 He journeyed 507 to the region of Aram Naharaim 508 and the city of Nahor. 24:11 He made the camels kneel down by the well 509 outside the city. It was evening, 510 the time when the women would go out to draw water. 24:12 He prayed, “O
24:15 Before he had finished praying, there came Rebekah 517 with her water jug on her shoulder. She was the daughter of Bethuel son of Milcah (Milcah was the wife of Abraham’s brother Nahor). 518 24:16 Now the young woman was very beautiful. She was a virgin; no man had ever had sexual relations with her. 519 She went down to the spring, filled her jug, and came back up. 24:17 Abraham’s servant 520 ran to meet her and said, “Please give me a sip of water from your jug.” 24:18 “Drink, my lord,” she replied, and quickly lowering 521 her jug to her hands, she gave him a drink. 24:19 When she had done so, 522 she said, “I’ll draw water for your camels too, until they have drunk as much as they want.” 24:20 She quickly emptied 523 her jug into the watering trough and ran back to the well to draw more water until she had drawn enough for all his camels. 24:21 Silently the man watched her with interest to determine 524 if the
24:22 After the camels had finished drinking, the man took out a gold nose ring weighing a beka 526 and two gold bracelets weighing ten shekels 527 and gave them to her. 528 24:23 “Whose daughter are you?” he asked. 529 “Tell me, is there room in your father’s house for us to spend the night?”
24:24 She said to him, “I am the daughter of Bethuel the son of Milcah, whom Milcah bore to Nahor. 530 24:25 We have plenty of straw and feed,” she added, 531 “and room for you 532 to spend the night.”
24:26 The man bowed his head and worshiped the
24:28 The young woman ran and told her mother’s household all about 537 these things. 24:29 (Now Rebekah had a brother named Laban.) 538 Laban rushed out to meet the man at the spring. 24:30 When he saw the bracelets on his sister’s wrists and the nose ring 539 and heard his sister Rebekah say, 540 “This is what the man said to me,” he went out to meet the man. There he was, standing 541 by the camels near the spring. 24:31 Laban said to him, 542 “Come, you who are blessed by the
24:32 So Abraham’s servant 545 went to the house and unloaded 546 the camels. Straw and feed were given 547 to the camels, and water was provided so that he and the men who were with him could wash their feet. 548 24:33 When food was served, 549 he said, “I will not eat until I have said what I want to say.” 550 “Tell us,” Laban said. 551
24:34 “I am the servant of Abraham,” he began. 24:35 “The
24:45 “Before I finished praying in my heart, 566 along came Rebekah 567 with her water jug on her shoulder! She went down to the spring and drew water. So I said to her, ‘Please give me a drink.’ 24:46 She quickly lowered her jug from her shoulder and said, ‘Drink, and I’ll give your camels water too.’ So I drank, and she also gave the camels water. 24:47 Then I asked her, ‘Whose daughter are you?’ She replied, ‘The daughter of Bethuel the son of Nahor, whom Milcah bore to Nahor.’ 568 I put the ring in her nose and the bracelets on her wrists. 24:48 Then I bowed down and worshiped the
24:50 Then Laban and Bethuel replied, “This is the
24:52 When Abraham’s servant heard their words, he bowed down to the ground before the
When they got up in the morning, he said, “Let me leave now so I can return to my master.” 577 24:55 But Rebekah’s 578 brother and her mother replied, “Let the girl stay with us a few more days, perhaps ten. Then she can go.” 24:56 But he said to them, “Don’t detain me – the
24:59 So they sent their sister Rebekah on her way, accompanied by her female attendant, with Abraham’s servant and his men. 24:60 They blessed Rebekah with these words: 583
“Our sister, may you become the mother 584 of thousands of ten thousands!
May your descendants possess the strongholds 585 of their enemies.”
24:61 Then Rebekah and her female servants mounted the camels and rode away with 586 the man. So Abraham’s servant 587 took Rebekah and left.
24:62 Now 588 Isaac came from 589 Beer Lahai Roi, 590 for 591 he was living in the Negev. 592 24:63 He 593 went out to relax 594 in the field in the early evening. 595 Then he looked up 596 and saw that 597 there were camels approaching. 24:64 Rebekah looked up 598 and saw Isaac. She got down from her camel 24:65 and asked 599 Abraham’s servant, 600 “Who is that man walking in the field toward us?” “That is my master,” the servant replied. 601 So she took her veil and covered herself.
24:66 The servant told Isaac everything that had happened. 24:67 Then Isaac brought Rebekah 602 into his mother Sarah’s tent. He took her 603 as his wife and loved her. 604 So Isaac was comforted after his mother’s death. 605
The Death of Abraham
25:1 Abraham had taken 606 another 607 wife, named Keturah. 25:2 She bore him Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah. 25:3 Jokshan became the father of Sheba and Dedan. 608 The descendants of Dedan were the Asshurites, Letushites, and Leummites. 25:4 The sons of Midian were Ephah, Epher, Hanoch, Abida, and Eldaah. All these were descendants 609 of Keturah.
25:5 Everything he owned Abraham left to his son Isaac. 25:6 But while he was still alive, Abraham gave gifts to the sons of his concubines 610 and sent them off to the east, away from his son Isaac. 611
25:7 Abraham lived a total of 612 175 years. 25:8 Then Abraham breathed his last and died at a good old age, an old man who had lived a full life. 613 He joined his ancestors. 614 25:9 His sons Isaac and Ishmael buried him in the cave of Machpelah 615 near Mamre, in the field of Ephron the son of Zohar, the Hethite. 25:10 This was the field Abraham had purchased from the sons of Heth. 616 There Abraham was buried with his wife Sarah. 25:11 After Abraham’s death, God blessed 617 his son Isaac. Isaac lived near Beer Lahai Roi. 618
The Sons of Ishmael
25:12 This is the account of Abraham’s son Ishmael, 619 whom Hagar the Egyptian, Sarah’s servant, bore to Abraham.
25:13 These are the names of Ishmael’s sons, by their names according to their records: 620 Nebaioth (Ishmael’s firstborn), Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, 25:14 Mishma, Dumah, Massa, 25:15 Hadad, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. 25:16 These are the sons of Ishmael, and these are their names by their settlements and their camps – twelve princes 621 according to their clans.
25:17 Ishmael lived a total of 622 137 years. He breathed his last and died; then he joined his ancestors. 623 25:18 His descendants 624 settled from Havilah to Shur, which runs next 625 to Egypt all the way 626 to Asshur. 627 They settled 628 away from all their relatives. 629
Jacob and Esau
25:19 This is the account of Isaac, 630 the son of Abraham.
Abraham became the father of Isaac. 25:20 When Isaac was forty years old, he married Rebekah, 631 the daughter of Bethuel the Aramean from Paddan Aram and sister of Laban the Aramean. 632
25:21 Isaac prayed to 633 the
“Two nations 637 are in your womb,
and two peoples will be separated from within you.
One people will be stronger than the other,
and the older will serve the younger.”
25:24 When the time came for Rebekah to give birth, 638 there were 639 twins in her womb. 25:25 The first came out reddish 640 all over, 641 like a hairy 642 garment, so they named him Esau. 643 25:26 When his brother came out with 644 his hand clutching Esau’s heel, they named him Jacob. 645 Isaac was sixty years old 646 when they were born.
25:27 When the boys grew up, Esau became a skilled 647 hunter, a man of the open fields, but Jacob was an even-tempered man, living in tents. 648 25:28 Isaac loved Esau because he had a taste for fresh game, 649 but Rebekah loved 650 Jacob.
25:29 Now Jacob cooked some stew, 651 and when Esau came in from the open fields, he was famished. 25:30 So Esau said to Jacob, “Feed 652 me some of the red stuff – yes, this red stuff – because I’m starving!” (That is why he was also called 653 Edom.) 654
25:31 But Jacob replied, “First 655 sell me your birthright.” 25:32 “Look,” said Esau, “I’m about to die! What use is the birthright to me?” 656 25:33 But Jacob said, “Swear an oath to me now.” 657 So Esau 658 swore an oath to him and sold his birthright 659 to Jacob.
25:34 Then Jacob gave Esau some bread and lentil stew; Esau ate and drank, then got up and went out. 660 So Esau despised his birthright. 661
Isaac and Abimelech
26:1 There was a famine in the land, subsequent to the earlier famine that occurred 662 in the days of Abraham. 663 Isaac went to Abimelech king of the Philistines at Gerar. 26:2 The
26:7 When the men of that place asked him about his wife, he replied, “She is my sister.” 676 He was afraid to say, “She is my wife,” for he thought to himself, 677 “The men of this place will kill me to get 678 Rebekah because she is very beautiful.”
26:8 After Isaac 679 had been there a long time, 680 Abimelech king of the Philistines happened to look out a window and observed 681 Isaac caressing 682 his wife Rebekah. 26:9 So Abimelech summoned Isaac and said, “She is really 683 your wife! Why did you say, ‘She is my sister’?” Isaac replied, “Because I thought someone might kill me to get her.” 684
26:10 Then Abimelech exclaimed, “What in the world have you done to us? 685 One of the men 686 might easily have had sexual relations with 687 your wife, and you would have brought guilt on us!” 26:11 So Abimelech commanded all the people, “Whoever touches 688 this man or his wife will surely be put to death.” 689
26:12 When Isaac planted in that land, he reaped in the same year a hundred times what he had sown, 690 because the
26:16 Then Abimelech said to Isaac, “Leave us and go elsewhere, 699 for you have become much more powerful 700 than we are.” 26:17 So Isaac left there and settled in the Gerar Valley. 701 26:18 Isaac reopened 702 the wells that had been dug 703 back in the days of his father Abraham, for the Philistines had stopped them up 704 after Abraham died. Isaac 705 gave these wells 706 the same names his father had given them. 707
26:19 When Isaac’s servants dug in the valley and discovered a well with fresh flowing 708 water there, 26:20 the herdsmen of Gerar quarreled 709 with Isaac’s herdsmen, saying, “The water belongs to us!” So Isaac 710 named the well 711 Esek 712 because they argued with him about it. 713 26:21 His servants 714 dug another well, but they quarreled over it too, so Isaac named it 715 Sitnah. 716 26:22 Then he moved away from there and dug another well. They did not quarrel over it, so Isaac 717 named it 718 Rehoboth, 719 saying, “For now the
26:23 From there Isaac 720 went up to Beer Sheba. 26:24 The
26:26 Now Abimelech had come 723 to him from Gerar along with 724 Ahuzzah his friend 725 and Phicol the commander of his army. 26:27 Isaac asked them, “Why have you come to me? You hate me 726 and sent me away from you.” 26:28 They replied, “We could plainly see 727 that the
26:30 So Isaac 737 held a feast for them and they celebrated. 738 26:31 Early in the morning the men made a treaty with each other. 739 Isaac sent them off; they separated on good terms. 740
26:32 That day Isaac’s servants came and told him about the well they had dug. “We’ve found water,” they reported. 741 26:33 So he named it Shibah; 742 that is why the name of the city has been Beer Sheba 743 to this day.
26:34 When 744 Esau was forty years old, 745 he married 746 Judith the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, as well as Basemath the daughter of Elon the Hittite. 26:35 They caused Isaac and Rebekah great anxiety. 747
Jacob Cheats Esau out of the Blessing
27:1 When 748 Isaac was old and his eyes were so weak that he was almost blind, 749 he called his older 750 son Esau and said to him, “My son!” “Here I am!” Esau 751 replied. 27:2 Isaac 752 said, “Since 753 I am so old, I could die at any time. 754 27:3 Therefore, take your weapons – your quiver and your bow – and go out into the open fields and hunt down some wild game 755 for me. 27:4 Then prepare for me some tasty food, the kind I love, and bring it to me. Then 756 I will eat it so that I may bless you 757 before I die.”
27:5 Now Rebekah had been listening while Isaac spoke to his son Esau. 758 When Esau went out to the open fields to hunt down some wild game and bring it back, 759 27:6 Rebekah said to her son Jacob, “Look, I overheard your father tell your brother Esau, 27:7 ‘Bring me some wild game and prepare for me some tasty food. Then I will eat 760 it and bless you 761 in the presence of the
27:11 “But Esau my brother is a hairy man,” Jacob protested to his mother Rebekah, “and I have smooth skin! 769 27:12 My father may touch me! Then he’ll think I’m mocking him 770 and I’ll bring a curse on myself instead of a blessing.” 27:13 So his mother told him, “Any curse against you will fall on me, 771 my son! Just obey me! 772 Go and get them for me!”
27:14 So he went and got the goats 773 and brought them to his mother. She 774 prepared some tasty food, just the way his father loved it. 27:15 Then Rebekah took her older son Esau’s best clothes, which she had with her in the house, and put them on her younger son Jacob. 27:16 She put the skins of the young goats 775 on his hands 776 and the smooth part of his neck. 27:17 Then she handed 777 the tasty food and the bread she had made to her son Jacob.
27:18 He went to his father and said, “My father!” Isaac 778 replied, “Here I am. Which are you, my son?” 779 27:19 Jacob said to his father, “I am Esau, your firstborn. I’ve done as you told me. Now sit up 780 and eat some of my wild game so that you can bless me.” 781 27:20 But Isaac asked his son, “How in the world 782 did you find it so quickly, 783 my son?” “Because the
“Yes, 797 my son smells
like the scent of an open field
which the
27:28 May God give you
the dew of the sky 798
and the richness 799 of the earth,
and plenty of grain and new wine.
27:29 May peoples serve you
and nations bow down to you.
You will be 800 lord 801 over your brothers,
and the sons of your mother will bow down to you. 802
May those who curse you be cursed,
and those who bless you be blessed.”
27:30 Isaac had just finished blessing Jacob, and Jacob had scarcely left 803 his father’s 804 presence, when his brother Esau returned from the hunt. 805 27:31 He also prepared some tasty food and brought it to his father. Esau 806 said to him, “My father, get up 807 and eat some of your son’s wild game. Then you can bless me.” 808 27:32 His father Isaac asked, 809 “Who are you?” “I am your firstborn son,” 810 he replied, “Esau!” 27:33 Isaac began to shake violently 811 and asked, “Then who else hunted game and brought it to me? I ate all of it just before you arrived, and I blessed him. 812 He will indeed be blessed!”
27:34 When Esau heard 813 his father’s words, he wailed loudly and bitterly. 814 He said to his father, “Bless me too, my father!” 27:35 But Isaac 815 replied, “Your brother came in here deceitfully and took away 816 your blessing.” 27:36 Esau exclaimed, “‘Jacob’ is the right name for him! 817 He has tripped me up 818 two times! He took away my birthright, and now, look, he has taken away my blessing!” Then he asked, “Have you not kept back a blessing for me?”
27:37 Isaac replied to Esau, “Look! I have made him lord over you. I have made all his relatives his servants and provided him with grain and new wine. What is left that I can do for you, my son?” 27:38 Esau said to his father, “Do you have only that one blessing, my father? Bless me too!” 819 Then Esau wept loudly. 820
27:39 So his father Isaac said to him,
“Indeed, 821 your home will be
away from the richness 822 of the earth,
and away from the dew of the sky above.
27:40 You will live by your sword
but you will serve your brother.
When you grow restless,
you will tear off his yoke
from your neck.” 823
27:41 So Esau hated 824 Jacob because of the blessing his father had given to his brother. 825 Esau said privately, 826 “The time 827 of mourning for my father is near; then I will kill 828 my brother Jacob!”
27:42 When Rebekah heard what her older son Esau had said, 829 she quickly summoned 830 her younger son Jacob and told him, “Look, your brother Esau is planning to get revenge by killing you. 831 27:43 Now then, my son, do what I say. 832 Run away immediately 833 to my brother Laban in Haran. 27:44 Live with him for a little while 834 until your brother’s rage subsides. 27:45 Stay there 835 until your brother’s anger against you subsides and he forgets what you did to him. Then I’ll send someone to bring you back from there. 836 Why should I lose both of you in one day?” 837
27:46 Then Rebekah said to Isaac, “I am deeply depressed 838 because of these daughters of Heth. 839 If Jacob were to marry one of these daughters of Heth who live in this land, I would want to die!” 840
28:1 So Isaac called for Jacob and blessed him. Then he commanded him, “You must not marry a Canaanite woman! 841 28:2 Leave immediately 842 for Paddan Aram! Go to the house of Bethuel, your mother’s father, and find yourself a wife there, among the daughters of Laban, your mother’s brother. 28:3 May the sovereign God 843 bless you! May he make you fruitful and give you a multitude of descendants! 844 Then you will become 845 a large nation. 846 28:4 May he give you and your descendants the blessing he gave to Abraham 847 so that you may possess the land 848 God gave to Abraham, the land where you have been living as a temporary resident.” 849 28:5 So Isaac sent Jacob on his way, and he went to Paddan Aram, to Laban son of Bethuel the Aramean and brother of Rebekah, the mother of Jacob and Esau.
28:6 Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him off to Paddan Aram to find a wife there. 850 As he blessed him, 851 Isaac commanded him, “You must not marry a Canaanite woman.” 852 28:7 Jacob obeyed his father and mother and left for Paddan Aram. 28:8 Then Esau realized 853 that the Canaanite women 854 were displeasing to 855 his father Isaac. 28:9 So Esau went to Ishmael and married 856 Mahalath, the sister of Nebaioth and daughter of Abraham’s son Ishmael, along with the wives he already had.
Jacob’s Dream at Bethel
28:10 Meanwhile Jacob left Beer Sheba and set out for Haran. 28:11 He reached a certain place 857 where he decided to camp because the sun had gone down. 858 He took one of the stones 859 and placed it near his head. 860 Then he fell asleep 861 in that place 28:12 and had a dream. 862 He saw 863 a stairway 864 erected on the earth with its top reaching to the heavens. The angels of God were going up and coming down it 28:13 and the
28:16 Then Jacob woke up 872 and thought, 873 “Surely the
28:18 Early 874 in the morning Jacob 875 took the stone he had placed near his head 876 and set it up as a sacred stone. 877 Then he poured oil on top of it. 28:19 He called that place Bethel, 878 although the former name of the town was Luz. 28:20 Then Jacob made a vow, saying, “If God is with me and protects me on this journey I am taking and gives me food 879 to eat and clothing to wear, 28:21 and I return safely to my father’s home, 880 then the
The Marriages of Jacob
29:1 So Jacob moved on 884 and came to the land of the eastern people. 885 29:2 He saw 886 in the field a well with 887 three flocks of sheep lying beside it, because the flocks were watered from that well. Now 888 a large stone covered the mouth of the well. 29:3 When all the flocks were gathered there, the shepherds 889 would roll the stone off the mouth of the well and water the sheep. Then they would put the stone back in its place over the well’s mouth.
29:4 Jacob asked them, “My brothers, where are you from?” They replied, “We’re from Haran.” 29:5 So he said to them, “Do you know Laban, the grandson 890 of Nahor?” “We know him,” 891 they said. 29:6 “Is he well?” 892 Jacob asked. They replied, “He is well. 893 Now look, here comes his daughter Rachel with the sheep.” 29:7 Then Jacob 894 said, “Since it is still the middle of the day, 895 it is not time for the flocks to be gathered. You should water the sheep and then go and let them graze some more.” 896 29:8 “We can’t,” they said, “until all the flocks are gathered and the stone is rolled off the mouth of the well. Then we water 897 the sheep.”
29:9 While he was still speaking with them, Rachel arrived with her father’s sheep, for she was tending them. 898 29:10 When Jacob saw Rachel, the daughter of his uncle Laban, 899 and the sheep of his uncle Laban, he 900 went over 901 and rolled the stone off the mouth of the well and watered the sheep of his uncle Laban. 902 29:11 Then Jacob kissed Rachel and began to weep loudly. 903 29:12 When Jacob explained 904 to Rachel that he was a relative of her father 905 and the son of Rebekah, she ran and told her father. 29:13 When Laban heard this news about Jacob, his sister’s son, he rushed out to meet him. He embraced him and kissed him and brought him to his house. Jacob 906 told Laban how he was related to him. 907 29:14 Then Laban said to him, “You are indeed my own flesh and blood.” 908 So Jacob 909 stayed with him for a month. 910
29:15 Then Laban said to Jacob, “Should you work 911 for me for nothing because you are my relative? 912 Tell me what your wages should be.” 29:16 (Now Laban had two daughters; 913 the older one was named Leah, and the younger one Rachel. 29:17 Leah’s eyes were tender, 914 but Rachel had a lovely figure and beautiful appearance.) 915 29:18 Since Jacob had fallen in love with 916 Rachel, he said, “I’ll serve you seven years in exchange for your younger daughter Rachel.” 29:19 Laban replied, “I’d rather give her to you than to another man. 917 Stay with me.” 29:20 So Jacob worked for seven years to acquire Rachel. 918 But they seemed like only a few days to him 919 because his love for her was so great. 920
29:21 Finally Jacob said 921 to Laban, “Give me my wife, for my time of service is up. 922 I want to have marital relations with her.” 923 29:22 So Laban invited all the people 924 of that place and prepared a feast. 29:23 In the evening he brought his daughter Leah 925 to Jacob, 926 and Jacob 927 had marital relations with her. 928 29:24 (Laban gave his female servant Zilpah to his daughter Leah to be her servant.) 929
29:25 In the morning Jacob discovered it was Leah! 930 So Jacob 931 said to Laban, “What in the world have you done to me! 932 Didn’t I work for you in exchange for Rachel? Why have you tricked 933 me?” 29:26 “It is not our custom here,” 934 Laban replied, “to give the younger daughter in marriage 935 before the firstborn. 29:27 Complete my older daughter’s bridal week. 936 Then we will give you the younger one 937 too, in exchange for seven more years of work.” 938
29:28 Jacob did as Laban said. 939 When Jacob 940 completed Leah’s bridal week, 941 Laban gave him his daughter Rachel to be his wife. 942 29:29 (Laban gave his female servant Bilhah to his daughter Rachel to be her servant.) 943 29:30 Jacob 944 had marital relations 945 with Rachel as well. He loved Rachel more than Leah, so he worked for Laban 946 for seven more years. 947
The Family of Jacob
29:31 When the
29:33 She became pregnant again and had another son. She said, “Because the
29:34 She became pregnant again and had another son. She said, “Now this time my husband will show me affection, 955 because I have given birth to three sons for him.” That is why he was named Levi. 956
29:35 She became pregnant again and had another son. She said, “This time I will praise the
30:1 When Rachel saw that she could not give Jacob children, she 958 became jealous of her sister. She said to Jacob, “Give me children 959 or I’ll die!” 30:2 Jacob became furious 960 with Rachel and exclaimed, “Am I in the place of God, who has kept you from having children?” 961 30:3 She replied, “Here is my servant Bilhah! Have sexual relations with 962 her so that she can bear 963 children 964 for me 965 and I can have a family through her.” 966
30:4 So Rachel 967 gave him her servant Bilhah as a wife, and Jacob had marital relations with 968 her. 30:5 Bilhah became pregnant 969 and gave Jacob a son. 970 30:6 Then Rachel said, “God has vindicated me. He has responded to my prayer 971 and given me a son.” That is why 972 she named him Dan. 973
30:7 Bilhah, Rachel’s servant, became pregnant again and gave Jacob another son. 974 30:8 Then Rachel said, “I have fought a desperate struggle with my sister, but I have won.” 975 So she named him Naphtali. 976
30:9 When Leah saw that she had stopped having children, she gave 977 her servant Zilpah to Jacob as a wife. 30:10 Soon Leah’s servant Zilpah gave Jacob a son. 978 30:11 Leah said, “How fortunate!” 979 So she named him Gad. 980
30:12 Then Leah’s servant Zilpah gave Jacob another son. 981 30:13 Leah said, “How happy I am, 982 for women 983 will call me happy!” So she named him Asher. 984
30:14 At the time 985 of the wheat harvest Reuben went out and found some mandrake plants 986 in a field and brought them to his mother Leah. Rachel said to Leah, “Give me some of your son’s mandrakes.” 30:15 But Leah replied, 987 “Wasn’t it enough that you’ve taken away my husband? Would you take away my son’s mandrakes too?” “All right,” 988 Rachel said, “he may sleep 989 with you tonight in exchange for your son’s mandrakes.” 30:16 When Jacob came in from the fields that evening, Leah went out to meet him and said, “You must sleep 990 with me because I have paid for your services 991 with my son’s mandrakes.” So he had marital relations 992 with her that night. 30:17 God paid attention 993 to Leah; she became pregnant 994 and gave Jacob a son for the fifth time. 995 30:18 Then Leah said, “God has granted me a reward 996 because I gave my servant to my husband as a wife.” 997 So she named him Issachar. 998
30:19 Leah became pregnant again and gave Jacob a son for the sixth time. 999 30:20 Then Leah said, “God has given me a good gift. Now my husband will honor me because I have given him six sons.” So she named him Zebulun. 1000
30:21 After that she gave birth to a daughter and named her Dinah.
30:22 Then God took note of 1001 Rachel. He paid attention to her and enabled her to become pregnant. 1002 30:23 She became pregnant 1003 and gave birth to a son. Then she said, “God has taken away my shame.” 1004 30:24 She named him Joseph, 1005 saying, “May the
The Flocks of Jacob
30:25 After Rachel had given birth 1006 to Joseph, Jacob said to Laban, “Send 1007 me on my way so that I can go 1008 home to my own country. 1009 30:26 Let me take my wives and my children whom I have acquired by working for you. 1010 Then I’ll depart, 1011 because you know how hard I’ve worked for you.” 1012
30:27 But Laban said to him, “If I have found favor in your sight, please stay here, 1013 for I have learned by divination 1014 that the
30:29 “You know how I have worked for you,” Jacob replied, 1016 “and how well your livestock have fared under my care. 1017 30:30 Indeed, 1018 you had little before I arrived, 1019 but now your possessions have increased many times over. 1020 The
30:31 So Laban asked, 1023 “What should I give you?” “You don’t need to give me a thing,” 1024 Jacob replied, 1025 “but if you agree to this one condition, 1026 I will continue to care for 1027 your flocks and protect them: 30:32 Let me walk among 1028 all your flocks today and remove from them every speckled or spotted sheep, every dark-colored lamb, 1029 and the spotted or speckled goats. 1030 These animals will be my wages. 1031 30:33 My integrity will testify for me 1032 later on. 1033 When you come to verify that I’ve taken only the wages we agreed on, 1034 if I have in my possession any goat that is not speckled or spotted or any sheep that is not dark-colored, it will be considered stolen.” 1035 30:34 “Agreed!” said Laban, “It will be as you say.” 1036
30:35 So that day Laban 1037 removed the male goats that were streaked or spotted, all the female goats that were speckled or spotted (all that had any white on them), and all the dark-colored lambs, and put them in the care 1038 of his sons. 30:36 Then he separated them from Jacob by a three-day journey, 1039 while 1040 Jacob was taking care of the rest of Laban’s flocks.
30:37 But Jacob took fresh-cut branches from poplar, almond, and plane trees. He made white streaks by peeling them, making the white inner wood in the branches visible. 30:38 Then he set up the peeled branches in all the watering troughs where the flocks came to drink. He set up the branches in front of the flocks when they were in heat and came to drink. 1041 30:39 When the sheep mated 1042 in front of the branches, they 1043 gave birth to young that were streaked or speckled or spotted. 30:40 Jacob removed these lambs, but he made the rest of the flock face 1044 the streaked and completely dark-colored animals in Laban’s flock. So he made separate flocks for himself and did not mix them with Laban’s flocks. 30:41 When the stronger females were in heat, 1045 Jacob would set up the branches in the troughs in front of the flock, so they would mate near the branches. 30:42 But if the animals were weaker, he did not set the branches there. 1046 So the weaker animals ended up belonging to Laban 1047 and the stronger animals to Jacob. 30:43 In this way Jacob 1048 became extremely prosperous. He owned 1049 large flocks, male and female servants, camels, and donkeys.
Jacob’s Flight from Laban
31:1 Jacob heard that Laban’s sons were complaining, 1050 “Jacob has taken everything that belonged to our father! He has gotten rich 1051 at our father’s expense!” 1052 31:2 When Jacob saw the look on Laban’s face, he could tell his attitude toward him had changed. 1053
31:3 The
31:10 “Once 1064 during breeding season I saw 1065 in a dream that the male goats mating with 1066 the flock were streaked, speckled, and spotted. 31:11 In the dream the angel of God said to me, ‘Jacob!’ ‘Here I am!’ I replied. 31:12 Then he said, ‘Observe 1067 that all the male goats mating with 1068 the flock are streaked, speckled, or spotted, for I have observed all that Laban has done to you. 31:13 I am the God of Bethel, 1069 where you anointed 1070 the sacred stone and made a vow to me. 1071 Now leave this land immediately 1072 and return to your native land.’”
31:14 Then Rachel and Leah replied to him, “Do we still have any portion or inheritance 1073 in our father’s house? 31:15 Hasn’t he treated us like foreigners? He not only sold us, but completely wasted 1074 the money paid for us! 1075 31:16 Surely all the wealth that God snatched away from our father belongs to us and to our children. So now do everything God has told you.”
31:17 So Jacob immediately put his children and his wives on the camels. 1076 31:18 He took 1077 away all the livestock he had acquired in Paddan Aram and all his moveable property that he had accumulated. Then he set out toward the land of Canaan to return to his father Isaac. 1078
31:19 While Laban had gone to shear his sheep, 1079 Rachel stole the household idols 1080 that belonged to her father. 31:20 Jacob also deceived 1081 Laban the Aramean by not telling him that he was leaving. 1082 31:21 He left 1083 with all he owned. He quickly crossed 1084 the Euphrates River 1085 and headed for 1086 the hill country of Gilead.
31:22 Three days later Laban discovered Jacob had left. 1087 31:23 So he took his relatives 1088 with him and pursued Jacob 1089 for seven days. 1090 He caught up with 1091 him in the hill country of Gilead. 31:24 But God came to Laban the Aramean in a dream at night and warned him, 1092 “Be careful 1093 that you neither bless nor curse Jacob.” 1094
31:25 Laban overtook Jacob, and when Jacob pitched his tent in the hill country of Gilead, Laban and his relatives set up camp there too. 1095 31:26 “What have you done?” Laban demanded of Jacob. “You’ve deceived me 1096 and carried away my daughters as if they were captives of war! 1097 31:27 Why did you run away secretly 1098 and deceive me? 1099 Why didn’t you tell me so I could send you off with a celebration complete with singing, tambourines, and harps? 1100 31:28 You didn’t even allow me to kiss my daughters and my grandchildren 1101 good-bye. You have acted foolishly! 31:29 I have 1102 the power to do you harm, but the God of your father told me last night, ‘Be careful 1103 that you neither bless nor curse Jacob.’ 1104 31:30 Now I understand that 1105 you have gone away 1106 because you longed desperately 1107 for your father’s house. Yet why did you steal my gods?” 1108
31:31 “I left secretly because I was afraid!” 1109 Jacob replied to Laban. “I thought 1110 you might take your daughters away from me by force. 1111 31:32 Whoever has taken your gods will be put to death! 1112 In the presence of our relatives 1113 identify whatever is yours and take it.” 1114 (Now Jacob did not know that Rachel had stolen them.) 1115
31:33 So Laban entered Jacob’s tent, and Leah’s tent, and the tent of the two female servants, but he did not find the idols. 1116 Then he left Leah’s tent and entered Rachel’s. 1117 31:34 (Now Rachel had taken the idols and put them inside her camel’s saddle 1118 and sat on them.) 1119 Laban searched the whole tent, but did not find them. 1120 31:35 Rachel 1121 said to her father, “Don’t be angry, 1122 my lord. I cannot stand up 1123 in your presence because I am having my period.” 1124 So he searched thoroughly, 1125 but did not find the idols.
31:36 Jacob became angry 1126 and argued with Laban. “What did I do wrong?” he demanded of Laban. 1127 “What sin of mine prompted you to chase after me in hot pursuit? 1128 31:37 When you searched through all my goods, did you find anything that belonged to you? 1129 Set it here before my relatives and yours, 1130 and let them settle the dispute between the two of us! 1131
31:38 “I have been with you for the past twenty years. Your ewes and female goats have not miscarried, nor have I eaten rams from your flocks. 31:39 Animals torn by wild beasts I never brought to you; I always absorbed the loss myself. 1132 You always made me pay for every missing animal, 1133 whether it was taken by day or at night. 31:40 I was consumed by scorching heat 1134 during the day and by piercing cold 1135 at night, and I went without sleep. 1136 31:41 This was my lot 1137 for twenty years in your house: I worked like a slave 1138 for you – fourteen years for your two daughters and six years for your flocks, but you changed my wages ten times! 31:42 If the God of my father – the God of Abraham, the one whom Isaac fears 1139 – had not been with me, you would certainly have sent me away empty-handed! But God saw how I was oppressed and how hard I worked, 1140 and he rebuked you last night.”
31:43 Laban replied 1141 to Jacob, “These women 1142 are my daughters, these children are my grandchildren, 1143 and these flocks are my flocks. All that you see belongs to me. But how can I harm these daughters of mine today 1144 or the children to whom they have given birth? 31:44 So now, come, let’s make a formal agreement, 1145 you and I, and it will be 1146 proof that we have made peace.” 1147
31:45 So Jacob took a stone and set it up as a memorial pillar. 31:46 Then he 1148 said to his relatives, “Gather stones.” So they brought stones and put them in a pile. 1149 They ate there by the pile of stones. 31:47 Laban called it Jegar Sahadutha, 1150 but Jacob called it Galeed. 1151
31:48 Laban said, “This pile of stones is a witness of our agreement 1152 today.” That is why it was called Galeed. 31:49 It was also called Mizpah 1153 because he said, “May the
31:51 “Here is this pile of stones and this pillar I have set up between me and you,” Laban said to Jacob. 1159 31:52 “This pile of stones and the pillar are reminders that I will not pass beyond this pile to come to harm you and that you will not pass beyond this pile and this pillar to come to harm me. 1160 31:53 May the God of Abraham and the god of Nahor, 1161 the gods of their father, judge between us.” Jacob took an oath by the God whom his father Isaac feared. 1162 31:54 Then Jacob offered a sacrifice 1163 on the mountain and invited his relatives to eat the meal. 1164 They ate the meal and spent the night on the mountain.
31:55 1165 Early in the morning Laban kissed 1166 his grandchildren 1167 and his daughters goodbye and blessed them. Then Laban left and returned home. 1168
Jacob Wrestles at Peniel
32:1 So Jacob went on his way and the angels of God 1169 met him. 32:2 When Jacob saw them, he exclaimed, 1170 “This is the camp of God!” So he named that place Mahanaim. 1171
32:3 Jacob sent messengers on ahead 1172 to his brother Esau in the land of Seir, the region 1173 of Edom. 32:4 He commanded them, “This is what you must say to my lord Esau: ‘This is what your servant 1174 Jacob says: I have been staying with Laban until now. 32:5 I have oxen, donkeys, sheep, and male and female servants. I have sent 1175 this message 1176 to inform my lord, so that I may find favor in your sight.’”
32:6 The messengers returned to Jacob and said, “We went to your brother Esau. He is coming to meet you and has four hundred men with him.” 32:7 Jacob was very afraid and upset. So he divided the people who were with him into two camps, as well as the flocks, herds, and camels. 32:8 “If Esau attacks one camp,” 1177 he thought, 1178 “then the other camp will be able to escape.” 1179
32:9 Then Jacob prayed, 1180 “O God of my father Abraham, God of my father Isaac, O
32:13 Jacob 1196 stayed there that night. Then he sent 1197 as a gift 1198 to his brother Esau 32:14 two hundred female goats and twenty male goats, two hundred ewes and twenty rams, 32:15 thirty female camels with their young, forty cows and ten bulls, and twenty female donkeys and ten male donkeys. 32:16 He entrusted them to 1199 his servants, who divided them into herds. 1200 He told his servants, “Pass over before me, and keep some distance between one herd and the next.” 32:17 He instructed the servant leading the first herd, 1201 “When my brother Esau meets you and asks, ‘To whom do you belong? 1202 Where are you going? Whose herds are you driving?’ 1203 32:18 then you must say, 1204 ‘They belong 1205 to your servant Jacob. 1206 They have been sent as a gift to my lord Esau. 1207 In fact Jacob himself is behind us.’” 1208
32:19 He also gave these instructions to the second and third servants, as well as all those who were following the herds, saying, “You must say the same thing to Esau when you meet him. 1209 32:20 You must also say, ‘In fact your servant Jacob is behind us.’” 1210 Jacob thought, 1211 “I will first appease him 1212 by sending a gift ahead of me. 1213 After that I will meet him. 1214 Perhaps he will accept me.” 1215 32:21 So the gifts were sent on ahead of him 1216 while he spent that night in the camp. 1217
32:22 During the night Jacob quickly took 1218 his two wives, his two female servants, and his eleven sons 1219 and crossed the ford of the Jabbok. 1220 32:23 He took them and sent them across the stream along with all his possessions. 1221 32:24 So Jacob was left alone. Then a man 1222 wrestled 1223 with him until daybreak. 1224 32:25 When the man 1225 saw that he could not defeat Jacob, 1226 he struck 1227 the socket of his hip so the socket of Jacob’s hip was dislocated while he wrestled with him.
32:26 Then the man 1228 said, “Let me go, for the dawn is breaking.” 1229 “I will not let you go,” Jacob replied, 1230 “unless you bless me.” 1231 32:27 The man asked him, 1232 “What is your name?” 1233 He answered, “Jacob.” 32:28 “No longer will your name be Jacob,” the man told him, 1234 “but Israel, 1235 because you have fought 1236 with God and with men and have prevailed.”
32:29 Then Jacob asked, “Please tell me your name.” 1237 “Why 1238 do you ask my name?” the man replied. 1239 Then he blessed 1240 Jacob 1241 there. 32:30 So Jacob named the place Peniel, 1242 explaining, 1243 “Certainly 1244 I have seen God face to face 1245 and have survived.” 1246
32:31 The sun rose 1247 over him as he crossed over Penuel, 1248 but 1249 he was limping because of his hip. 32:32 That is why to this day 1250 the Israelites do not eat the sinew which is attached to the socket of the hip, because he struck 1251 the socket of Jacob’s hip near the attached sinew.
Jacob Meets Esau
33:1 Jacob looked up 1252 and saw that Esau was coming 1253 along with four hundred men. So he divided the children among Leah, Rachel, and the two female servants. 33:2 He put the servants and their children in front, with Leah and her children behind them, and Rachel and Joseph behind them. 1254 33:3 But Jacob 1255 himself went on ahead of them, and he bowed toward the ground seven times as he approached 1256 his brother. 33:4 But Esau ran to meet him, embraced him, hugged his neck, and kissed him. Then they both wept. 33:5 When Esau 1257 looked up 1258 and saw the women and the children, he asked, “Who are these people with you?” Jacob 1259 replied, “The children whom God has graciously given 1260 your servant.” 33:6 The female servants came forward with their children and bowed down. 1261 33:7 Then Leah came forward with her children and they bowed down. Finally Joseph and Rachel came forward and bowed down.
33:8 Esau 1262 then asked, “What did you intend 1263 by sending all these herds to meet me?” 1264 Jacob 1265 replied, “To find favor in your sight, my lord.” 33:9 But Esau said, “I have plenty, my brother. Keep what belongs to you.” 33:10 “No, please take them,” Jacob said. 1266 “If I have found favor in your sight, accept 1267 my gift from my hand. Now that I have seen your face and you have accepted me, 1268 it is as if I have seen the face of God. 1269 33:11 Please take my present 1270 that was brought to you, for God has been generous 1271 to me and I have all I need.” 1272 When Jacob urged him, he took it. 1273
33:12 Then Esau 1274 said, “Let’s be on our way! 1275 I will go in front of you.” 33:13 But Jacob 1276 said to him, “My lord knows that the children are young, 1277 and that I have to look after the sheep and cattle that are nursing their young. 1278 If they are driven too hard for even a single day, all the animals will die. 33:14 Let my lord go on ahead of his servant. I will travel more slowly, at the pace of the herds and the children, 1279 until I come to my lord at Seir.”
33:15 So Esau said, “Let me leave some of my men with you.” 1280 “Why do that?” Jacob replied. 1281 “My lord has already been kind enough to me.” 1282
33:16 So that same day Esau made his way back 1283 to Seir. 33:17 But 1284 Jacob traveled to Succoth 1285 where he built himself a house and made shelters for his livestock. That is why the place was called 1286 Succoth. 1287
33:18 After he left Paddan Aram, Jacob came safely to the city of Shechem in the land of Canaan, and he camped near 1288 the city. 33:19 Then he purchased the portion of the field where he had pitched his tent; he bought it 1289 from the sons of Hamor, Shechem’s father, for a hundred pieces of money. 1290 33:20 There he set up an altar and called it “The God of Israel is God.” 1291
Dinah and the Shechemites
34:1 Now Dinah, Leah’s daughter whom she bore to Jacob, went to meet 1292 the young women 1293 of the land. 34:2 When Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, who ruled that area, saw her, he grabbed her, forced himself on her, 1294 and sexually assaulted her. 1295 34:3 Then he became very attached 1296 to Dinah, Jacob’s daughter. He fell in love with the young woman and spoke romantically to her. 1297 34:4 Shechem said to his father Hamor, “Acquire this young girl as my wife.” 1298 34:5 When 1299 Jacob heard that Shechem 1300 had violated his daughter Dinah, his sons were with the livestock in the field. So Jacob remained silent 1301 until they came in.
34:6 Then Shechem’s father Hamor went to speak with Jacob about Dinah. 1302 34:7 Now Jacob’s sons had come in from the field when they heard the news. 1303 They 1304 were offended 1305 and very angry because Shechem 1306 had disgraced Israel 1307 by sexually assaulting 1308 Jacob’s daughter, a crime that should not be committed. 1309
34:8 But Hamor made this appeal to them: “My son Shechem is in love with your daughter. 1310 Please give her to him as his wife. 34:9 Intermarry with us. 1311 Let us marry your daughters, and take our daughters as wives for yourselves. 1312 34:10 You may live 1313 among us, and the land will be open to you. 1314 Live in it, travel freely in it, 1315 and acquire property in it.”
34:11 Then Shechem said to Dinah’s 1316 father and brothers, “Let me find favor in your sight, and whatever you require of me 1317 I’ll give. 1318 34:12 You can make the bride price and the gift I must bring very expensive, 1319 and I’ll give 1320 whatever you ask 1321 of me. Just give me the young woman as my wife!”
34:13 Jacob’s sons answered Shechem and his father Hamor deceitfully when they spoke because Shechem 1322 had violated their sister Dinah. 34:14 They said to them, “We cannot give 1323 our sister to a man who is not circumcised, for it would be a disgrace 1324 to us. 34:15 We will give you our consent on this one condition: You must become 1325 like us by circumcising 1326 all your males. 34:16 Then we will give 1327 you our daughters to marry, 1328 and we will take your daughters as wives for ourselves, and we will live among you and become one people. 34:17 But if you do not agree to our terms 1329 by being circumcised, then we will take 1330 our sister 1331 and depart.”
34:18 Their offer pleased Hamor and his son Shechem. 1332 34:19 The young man did not delay in doing what they asked 1333 because he wanted Jacob’s daughter Dinah 1334 badly. (Now he was more important 1335 than anyone in his father’s household.) 1336 34:20 So Hamor and his son Shechem went to the gate 1337 of their city and spoke to the men of their city, 34:21 “These men are at peace with us. So let them live in the land and travel freely in it, for the land is wide enough 1338 for them. We will take their daughters for wives, and we will give them our daughters to marry. 1339 34:22 Only on this one condition will these men consent to live with us and become one people: They demand 1340 that every male among us be circumcised just as they are circumcised. 34:23 If we do so, 1341 won’t their livestock, their property, and all their animals become ours? So let’s consent to their demand, so they will live among us.”
34:24 All the men who assembled at the city gate 1342 agreed with 1343 Hamor and his son Shechem. Every male who assembled at the city gate 1344 was circumcised. 34:25 In three days, when they were still in pain, two of Jacob’s sons, Simeon and Levi, Dinah’s brothers, each took his sword 1345 and went to the unsuspecting city 1346 and slaughtered every male. 34:26 They killed Hamor and his son Shechem with the sword, took Dinah from Shechem’s house, and left. 34:27 Jacob’s sons killed them 1347 and looted the city because their sister had been violated. 1348 34:28 They took their flocks, herds, and donkeys, as well as everything in the city and in the surrounding fields. 1349 34:29 They captured as plunder 1350 all their wealth, all their little ones, and their wives, including everything in the houses.
34:30 Then Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have brought ruin 1351 on me by making me a foul odor 1352 among the inhabitants of the land – among the Canaanites and the Perizzites. I 1353 am few in number; they will join forces against me and attack me, and both I and my family will be destroyed!” 34:31 But Simeon and Levi replied, 1354 “Should he treat our sister like a common prostitute?”
The Return to Bethel
35:1 Then God said to Jacob, “Go up at once 1355 to Bethel 1356 and live there. Make an altar there to God, who appeared to you when you fled from your brother Esau.” 1357 35:2 So Jacob told his household and all who were with him, “Get rid of the foreign gods you have among you. 1358 Purify yourselves and change your clothes. 1359 35:3 Let us go up at once 1360 to Bethel. Then I will make 1361 an altar there to God, who responded to me in my time of distress 1362 and has been with me wherever I went.” 1363
35:4 So they gave Jacob all the foreign gods that were in their possession 1364 and the rings that were in their ears. 1365 Jacob buried them 1366 under the oak 1367 near Shechem 35:5 and they started on their journey. 1368 The surrounding cities were afraid of God, 1369 and they did not pursue the sons of Jacob.
35:6 Jacob and all those who were with him arrived at Luz (that is, Bethel) 1370 in the land of Canaan. 1371 35:7 He built an altar there and named the place El Bethel 1372 because there God had revealed himself 1373 to him when he was fleeing from his brother. 35:8 (Deborah, 1374 Rebekah’s nurse, died and was buried under the oak below Bethel; thus it was named 1375 Oak of Weeping.) 1376
35:9 God appeared to Jacob again after he returned from Paddan Aram and blessed him. 35:10 God said to him, “Your name is Jacob, but your name will no longer be called Jacob; Israel will be your name.” So God named him Israel. 1377 35:11 Then God said to him, “I am the sovereign God. 1378 Be fruitful and multiply! A nation – even a company of nations – will descend from you; kings will be among your descendants! 1379 35:12 The land I gave 1380 to Abraham and Isaac I will give to you. To your descendants 1381 I will also give this land.” 35:13 Then God went up from the place 1382 where he spoke with him. 35:14 So Jacob set up a sacred stone pillar in the place where God spoke with him. 1383 He poured out a drink offering on it, and then he poured oil on it. 1384 35:15 Jacob named the place 1385 where God spoke with him Bethel. 1386
35:16 They traveled on from Bethel, and when Ephrath was still some distance away, 1387 Rachel went into labor 1388 – and her labor was hard. 35:17 When her labor was at its hardest, 1389 the midwife said to her, “Don’t be afraid, for you are having another son.” 1390 35:18 With her dying breath, 1391 she named him Ben-Oni. 1392 But his father called him Benjamin instead. 1393 35:19 So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem). 1394 35:20 Jacob set up a marker 1395 over her grave; it is 1396 the Marker of Rachel’s Grave to this day.
35:21 Then Israel traveled on and pitched his tent beyond Migdal Eder. 1397 35:22 While Israel was living in that land, Reuben had sexual relations with 1398 Bilhah, his father’s concubine, and Israel heard about it.
Jacob had twelve sons:
35:23 The sons of Leah were Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn, as well as Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun.
35:24 The sons of Rachel were Joseph and Benjamin.
35:25 The sons of Bilhah, Rachel’s servant, were Dan and Naphtali.
35:26 The sons of Zilpah, Leah’s servant, were Gad and Asher.
These were the sons of Jacob who were born to him in Paddan Aram.
35:27 So Jacob came back to his father Isaac in Mamre, 1399 to Kiriath Arba 1400 (that is, Hebron), where Abraham and Isaac had stayed. 1401 35:28 Isaac lived to be 180 years old. 1402 35:29 Then Isaac breathed his last and joined his ancestors. 1403 He died an old man who had lived a full life. 1404 His sons Esau and Jacob buried him.
The Descendants of Esau
36:1 What follows is the account of Esau (also known as Edom). 1405
36:2 Esau took his wives from the Canaanites: 1406 Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite, and Oholibamah the daughter of Anah and granddaughter 1407 of Zibeon the Hivite, 36:3 in addition to Basemath the daughter of Ishmael and sister of Nebaioth.
36:4 Adah bore Eliphaz to Esau, Basemath bore Reuel, 36:5 and Oholibamah bore Jeush, Jalam, and Korah. These were the sons of Esau who were born to him in the land of Canaan.
36:6 Esau took his wives, his sons, his daughters, all the people in his household, his livestock, his animals, and all his possessions which he had acquired in the land of Canaan and went to a land some distance away from 1408 Jacob his brother 36:7 because they had too many possessions to be able to stay together and the land where they had settled 1409 was not able to support them because of their livestock. 36:8 So Esau (also known as Edom) lived in the hill country of Seir. 1410
36:9 This is the account of Esau, the father 1411 of the Edomites, in the hill country of Seir.
36:10 These were the names of Esau’s sons:
Eliphaz, the son of Esau’s wife Adah, and Reuel, the son of Esau’s wife Basemath.
36:11 The sons of Eliphaz were:
Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz.
36:12 Timna, a concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz, bore Amalek to Eliphaz. These were the sons 1412 of Esau’s wife Adah.
36:13 These were the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. These were the sons 1413 of Esau’s wife Basemath.
36:14 These were the sons of Esau’s wife Oholibamah the daughter of Anah and granddaughter 1414 of Zibeon: She bore Jeush, Jalam, and Korah to Esau.
36:15 These were the chiefs 1415 among the descendants 1416 of Esau, the sons of Eliphaz, Esau’s firstborn: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz, 36:16 chief Korah, 1417 chief Gatam, chief Amalek. These were the chiefs descended from Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these were the sons 1418 of Adah.
36:17 These were the sons of Esau’s son Reuel: chief Nahath, chief Zerah, chief Shammah, chief Mizzah. These were the chiefs descended from Reuel in the land of Edom; these were the sons 1419 of Esau’s wife Basemath.
36:18 These were the sons of Esau’s wife Oholibamah: chief Jeush, chief Jalam, chief Korah. These were the chiefs descended from Esau’s wife Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah.
36:19 These were the sons of Esau (also known as Edom), and these were their chiefs.
36:20 These were the sons of Seir the Horite, 1420 who were living in the land: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, 36:21 Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan. These were the chiefs of the Horites, the descendants 1421 of Seir in the land of Edom.
36:22 The sons of Lotan were Hori and Homam; 1422 Lotan’s sister was Timna.
36:23 These were the sons of Shobal: Alvan, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho, 1423 and Onam.
36:24 These were the sons of Zibeon: Aiah and Anah (who discovered the hot springs 1424 in the wilderness as he pastured the donkeys of his father Zibeon).
36:25 These were the children 1425 of Anah: Dishon and Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah.
36:26 These were the sons of Dishon: 1426 Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran, and Keran.
36:27 These were the sons of Ezer: Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan.
36:28 These were the sons of Dishan: Uz and Aran.
36:29 These were the chiefs of the Horites: chief Lotan, chief Shobal, chief Zibeon, chief Anah, 36:30 chief Dishon, chief Ezer, chief Dishan. These were the chiefs of the Horites, according to their chief lists in the land of Seir.
36:31 These were the kings who reigned in the land of Edom before any king ruled over the Israelites: 1427
36:32 Bela the son of Beor reigned in Edom; the name of his city was Dinhabah.
36:33 When Bela died, Jobab the son of Zerah from Bozrah reigned in his place.
36:34 When Jobab died, Husham from the land of the Temanites reigned in his place.
36:35 When Husham died, Hadad the son of Bedad, who defeated the Midianites in the land of Moab, reigned in his place; the name of his city was Avith.
36:36 When Hadad died, Samlah from Masrekah reigned in his place.
36:37 When Samlah died, Shaul from Rehoboth by the River 1428 reigned in his place.
36:38 When Shaul died, Baal-Hanan the son of Achbor reigned in his place.
36:39 When Baal-Hanan the son of Achbor died, Hadad 1429 reigned in his place; the name of his city was Pau. 1430 His wife’s name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-Zahab.
36:40 These were the names of the chiefs of Esau, according to their families, according to their places, by their names: chief Timna, chief Alvah, chief Jetheth, 36:41 chief Oholibamah, chief Elah, chief Pinon, 36:42 chief Kenaz, chief Teman, chief Mibzar, 36:43 chief Magdiel, chief Iram. These were the chiefs of Edom, according to their settlements 1431 in the land they possessed. This was Esau, the father of the Edomites.
Joseph’s Dreams
37:1 But Jacob lived in the land where his father had stayed, 1432 in the land of Canaan. 1433
37:2 This is the account of Jacob.
Joseph, his seventeen-year-old son, 1434 was taking care of 1435 the flocks with his brothers. Now he was a youngster 1436 working with the sons of Bilhah and Zilpah, his father’s wives. 1437 Joseph brought back a bad report about them 1438 to their father.
37:3 Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his sons 1439 because he was a son born to him late in life, 1440 and he made a special 1441 tunic for him. 37:4 When Joseph’s 1442 brothers saw that their father loved him more than any of them, 1443 they hated Joseph 1444 and were not able to speak to him kindly. 1445
37:5 Joseph 1446 had a dream, 1447 and when he told his brothers about it, 1448 they hated him even more. 1449 37:6 He said to them, “Listen to this dream I had: 1450 37:7 There we were, 1451 binding sheaves of grain in the middle of the field. Suddenly my sheaf rose up and stood upright and your sheaves surrounded my sheaf and bowed down 1452 to it!” 37:8 Then his brothers asked him, “Do you really think you will rule over us or have dominion over us?” 1453 They hated him even more 1454 because of his dream and because of what he said. 1455
37:9 Then he had another dream, 1456 and told it to his brothers. “Look,” 1457 he said. “I had another dream. The sun, the moon, and eleven stars were bowing down to me.” 37:10 When he told his father and his brothers, his father rebuked him, saying, “What is this dream that you had? 1458 Will I, your mother, and your brothers really come and bow down to you?” 1459 37:11 His brothers were jealous 1460 of him, but his father kept in mind what Joseph said. 1461
37:12 When his brothers had gone to graze their father’s flocks near Shechem, 37:13 Israel said to Joseph, “Your brothers 1462 are grazing the flocks near Shechem. Come, I will send you to them.” “I’m ready,” 1463 Joseph replied. 1464 37:14 So Jacob 1465 said to him, “Go now and check on 1466 the welfare 1467 of your brothers and of the flocks, and bring me word.” So Jacob 1468 sent him from the valley of Hebron.
37:15 When Joseph reached Shechem, 1469 a man found him wandering 1470 in the field, so the man asked him, “What are you looking for?” 37:16 He replied, “I’m looking for my brothers. Please tell 1471 me where they are grazing their flocks.” 37:17 The man said, “They left this area, 1472 for I heard them say, ‘Let’s go to Dothan.’” So Joseph went after his brothers and found them at Dothan.
37:18 Now Joseph’s brothers 1473 saw him from a distance, and before he reached them, they plotted to kill him. 37:19 They said to one another, “Here comes this master of dreams! 1474 37:20 Come now, let’s kill him, throw him into one of the cisterns, and then say that a wild 1475 animal ate him. Then we’ll see how his dreams turn out!” 1476
37:21 When Reuben heard this, he rescued Joseph 1477 from their hands, 1478 saying, 1479 “Let’s not take his life!” 1480 37:22 Reuben continued, 1481 “Don’t shed blood! Throw him into this cistern that is here in the wilderness, but don’t lay a hand on him.” 1482 (Reuben said this 1483 so he could rescue Joseph 1484 from them 1485 and take him back to his father.)
37:23 When Joseph reached his brothers, they stripped him 1486 of his tunic, the special tunic that he wore. 37:24 Then they took him and threw him into the cistern. (Now the cistern was empty; 1487 there was no water in it.)
37:25 When they sat down to eat their food, they looked up 1488 and saw 1489 a caravan of Ishmaelites coming from Gilead. Their camels were carrying spices, balm, and myrrh down to Egypt. 1490 37:26 Then Judah said to his brothers, “What profit is there if we kill our brother and cover up his blood? 37:27 Come, let’s sell him to the Ishmaelites, but let’s not lay a hand on him, 1491 for after all, he is our brother, our own flesh.” His brothers agreed. 1492 37:28 So when the Midianite 1493 merchants passed by, Joseph’s brothers pulled 1494 him 1495 out of the cistern and sold him to the Ishmaelites for twenty pieces of silver. The Ishmaelites 1496 then took Joseph to Egypt.
37:29 Later Reuben returned to the cistern to find that Joseph was not in it! 1497 He tore his clothes, 37:30 returned to his brothers, and said, “The boy isn’t there! And I, where can I go?” 37:31 So they took Joseph’s tunic, killed a young goat, 1498 and dipped the tunic in the blood. 37:32 Then they brought the special tunic to their father 1499 and said, “We found this. Determine now whether it is your son’s tunic or not.”
37:33 He recognized it and exclaimed, “It is my son’s tunic! A wild animal has eaten him! 1500 Joseph has surely been torn to pieces!” 37:34 Then Jacob tore his clothes, put on sackcloth, 1501 and mourned for his son many days. 37:35 All his sons and daughters stood by 1502 him to console him, but he refused to be consoled. “No,” he said, “I will go to the grave mourning my son.” 1503 So Joseph’s 1504 father wept for him.
37:36 Now 1505 in Egypt the Midianites 1506 sold Joseph 1507 to Potiphar, one of Pharaoh’s officials, the captain of the guard. 1508
Judah and Tamar
38:1 At that time Judah left 1509 his brothers and stayed 1510 with an Adullamite man 1511 named Hirah.
38:2 There Judah saw the daughter of a Canaanite man 1512 named Shua. 1513 Judah acquired her as a wife 1514 and had marital relations with her. 1515 38:3 She became pregnant 1516 and had a son. Judah named 1517 him Er. 38:4 She became pregnant again and had another son, whom she named Onan. 38:5 Then she had 1518 yet another son, whom she named Shelah. She gave birth to him in Kezib. 1519
38:6 Judah acquired 1520 a wife for Er his firstborn; her name was Tamar. 38:7 But Er, Judah’s firstborn, was evil in the
38:8 Then Judah said to Onan, “Have sexual relations with 1521 your brother’s wife and fulfill the duty of a brother-in-law to her so that you may raise 1522 up a descendant for your brother.” 1523 38:9 But Onan knew that the child 1524 would not be considered his. 1525 So whenever 1526 he had sexual relations with 1527 his brother’s wife, he withdrew prematurely 1528 so as not to give his brother a descendant. 38:10 What he did was evil in the
38:11 Then Judah said to his daughter-in-law Tamar, “Live as a widow in your father’s house until Shelah my son grows up.” For he thought, 1530 “I don’t want him to die like his brothers.” 1531 So Tamar went and lived in her father’s house.
38:12 After some time 1532 Judah’s wife, the daughter of Shua, died. After Judah was consoled, he left for Timnah to visit his sheepshearers, along with 1533 his friend Hirah the Adullamite. 38:13 Tamar was told, 1534 “Look, your father-in-law is going up 1535 to Timnah to shear his sheep.” 38:14 So she removed her widow’s clothes and covered herself with a veil. She wrapped herself and sat at the entrance to Enaim which is on the way to Timnah. (She did this because 1536 she saw that she had not been given to Shelah as a wife, even though he had now grown up.) 1537
38:15 When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute 1538 because she had covered her face. 38:16 He turned aside to her along the road and said, “Come on! I want to have sex with you.” 1539 (He did not realize 1540 it was his daughter-in-law.) She asked, “What will you give me in exchange for having sex with you?” 1541 38:17 He replied, “I’ll send you a young goat from the flock.” She asked, “Will you give me a pledge until you send it?” 1542 38:18 He said, “What pledge should I give you?” She replied, “Your seal, your cord, and the staff that’s in your hand.” So he gave them to her and had sex with her. 1543 She became pregnant by him. 38:19 She left immediately, 1544 removed her veil, and put on her widow’s clothes.
38:20 Then Judah had his friend Hirah 1545 the Adullamite take a young goat to get back from the woman the items he had given in pledge, 1546 but Hirah 1547 could not find her. 38:21 He asked the men who were there, 1548 “Where is the cult prostitute 1549 who was at Enaim by the road?” But they replied, “There has been no cult prostitute here.” 38:22 So he returned to Judah and said, “I couldn’t find her. Moreover, the men of the place said, ‘There has been no cult prostitute here.’” 38:23 Judah said, “Let her keep the things 1550 for herself. Otherwise we will appear to be dishonest. 1551 I did indeed send this young goat, but you couldn’t find her.”
38:24 After three months Judah was told, 1552 “Your daughter-in-law Tamar has turned to prostitution, 1553 and as a result she has become pregnant.” 1554 Judah said, “Bring her out and let her be burned!” 38:25 While they were bringing her out, she sent word 1555 to her father-in-law: “I am pregnant by the man to whom these belong.” 1556 Then she said, “Identify 1557 the one to whom the seal, cord, and staff belong.” 38:26 Judah recognized them and said, “She is more upright 1558 than I am, because I wouldn’t give her to Shelah my son.” He did not have sexual relations with her 1559 again.
38:27 When it was time for her to give birth, there were twins in her womb. 38:28 While she was giving birth, one child 1560 put out his hand, and the midwife took a scarlet thread and tied it on his hand, saying, “This one came out first.” 38:29 But then he drew back his hand, and his brother came out before him. 1561 She said, “How you have broken out of the womb!” 1562 So he was named Perez. 1563 38:30 Afterward his brother came out – the one who had the scarlet thread on his hand – and he was named Zerah. 1564
Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife
39:1 Now Joseph had been brought down to Egypt. 1565 An Egyptian named Potiphar, an official of Pharaoh and the captain of the guard, 1566 purchased him from 1567 the Ishmaelites who had brought him there. 39:2 The
Now Joseph was well built and good-looking. 1584 39:7 Soon after these things, his master’s wife took notice of 1585 Joseph and said, “Have sex with me.” 1586 39:8 But he refused, saying 1587 to his master’s wife, “Look, my master does not give any thought 1588 to his household with me here, 1589 and everything that he owns he has put into my care. 1590 39:9 There is no one greater in this household than I am. He has withheld nothing from me except you because you are his wife. So how could I do 1591 such a great evil and sin against God?” 39:10 Even though she continued to speak 1592 to Joseph day after day, he did not respond 1593 to her invitation to have sex with her. 1594
39:11 One day 1595 he went into the house to do his work when none of the household servants 1596 were there in the house. 39:12 She grabbed him by his outer garment, saying, “Have sex with me!” But he left his outer garment in her hand and ran 1597 outside. 1598 39:13 When she saw that he had left his outer garment in her hand and had run outside, 39:14 she called for her household servants and said to them, “See, my husband brought 1599 in a Hebrew man 1600 to us to humiliate us. 1601 He tried to have sex with me, 1602 but I screamed loudly. 1603 39:15 When he heard me raise 1604 my voice and scream, he left his outer garment beside me and ran outside.”
39:16 So she laid his outer garment beside her until his master came home. 39:17 This is what she said to him: 1605 “That Hebrew slave 1606 you brought to us tried to humiliate me, 1607 39:18 but when I raised my voice and screamed, he left his outer garment and ran outside.”
39:19 When his master heard his wife say, 1608 “This is the way 1609 your slave treated me,” 1610 he became furious. 1611 39:20 Joseph’s master took him and threw him into the prison, 1612 the place where the king’s prisoners were confined. So he was there in the prison. 1613
39:21 But the
The Cupbearer and the Baker
40:1 After these things happened, the cupbearer 1619 to the king of Egypt and the royal baker 1620 offended 1621 their master, the king of Egypt. 40:2 Pharaoh was enraged with his two officials, 1622 the cupbearer and the baker, 40:3 so he imprisoned them in the house of the captain of the guard in the same facility where Joseph was confined. 40:4 The captain of the guard appointed Joseph to be their attendant, and he served them. 1623
They spent some time in custody. 1624 40:5 Both of them, the cupbearer and the baker of the king of Egypt, who were confined in the prison, had a dream 1625 the same night. 1626 Each man’s dream had its own meaning. 1627 40:6 When Joseph came to them in the morning, he saw that they were looking depressed. 1628 40:7 So he asked Pharaoh’s officials, who were with him in custody in his master’s house, “Why do you look so sad today?” 1629 40:8 They told him, “We both had dreams, 1630 but there is no one to interpret them.” Joseph responded, “Don’t interpretations belong to God? Tell them 1631 to me.”
40:9 So the chief cupbearer told his dream to Joseph: 1632 “In my dream, there was a vine in front of me. 40:10 On the vine there were three branches. As it budded, its blossoms opened and its clusters ripened into grapes. 40:11 Now Pharaoh’s cup was in my hand, so I took the grapes, squeezed them into his 1633 cup, and put the cup in Pharaoh’s hand.” 1634
40:12 “This is its meaning,” Joseph said to him. “The three branches represent 1635 three days. 40:13 In three more days Pharaoh will reinstate you 1636 and restore you to your office. You will put Pharaoh’s cup in his hand, just as you did before 1637 when you were cupbearer. 40:14 But remember me 1638 when it goes well for you, and show 1639 me kindness. 1640 Make mention 1641 of me to Pharaoh and bring me out of this prison, 1642 40:15 for I really was kidnapped 1643 from the land of the Hebrews and I have done nothing wrong here for which they should put me in a dungeon.”
40:16 When the chief baker saw that the interpretation of the first dream was favorable, 1644 he said to Joseph, “I also appeared in my dream and there were three baskets of white bread 1645 on my head. 40:17 In the top basket there were baked goods of every kind for Pharaoh, but the birds were eating them from the basket that was on my head.”
40:18 Joseph replied, “This is its meaning: The three baskets represent 1646 three days. 40:19 In three more days Pharaoh will decapitate you 1647 and impale you on a pole. Then the birds will eat your flesh from you.”
40:20 On the third day it was Pharaoh’s birthday, so he gave a feast for all his servants. He “lifted up” 1648 the head of the chief cupbearer and the head of the chief baker in the midst of his servants. 40:21 He restored the chief cupbearer to his former position 1649 so that he placed the cup in Pharaoh’s hand, 40:22 but the chief baker he impaled, just as Joseph had predicted. 1650 40:23 But the chief cupbearer did not remember Joseph – he forgot him. 1651
Joseph’s Rise to Power
41:1 At the end of two full years 1652 Pharaoh had a dream. 1653 As he was standing by the Nile, 41:2 seven fine-looking, fat cows were coming up out of the Nile, 1654 and they grazed in the reeds. 41:3 Then seven bad-looking, thin cows were coming up after them from the Nile, 1655 and they stood beside the other cows at the edge of the river. 1656 41:4 The bad-looking, thin cows ate the seven fine-looking, fat cows. Then Pharaoh woke up.
41:5 Then he fell asleep again and had a second dream: There were seven heads of grain growing 1657 on one stalk, healthy 1658 and good. 41:6 Then 1659 seven heads of grain, thin and burned by the east wind, were sprouting up after them. 41:7 The thin heads swallowed up the seven healthy and full heads. Then Pharaoh woke up and realized it was a dream. 1660
41:8 In the morning he 1661 was troubled, so he called for 1662 all the diviner-priests 1663 of Egypt and all its wise men. Pharaoh told them his dreams, 1664 but no one could interpret 1665 them for him. 1666 41:9 Then the chief cupbearer said to Pharaoh, “Today I recall my failures. 1667 41:10 Pharaoh was enraged with his servants, and he put me in prison in the house of the captain of the guards – me and the chief baker. 41:11 We each had a dream one night; each of us had a dream with its own meaning. 1668 41:12 Now a young man, a Hebrew, a servant 1669 of the captain of the guards, 1670 was with us there. We told him our dreams, 1671 and he interpreted the meaning of each of our respective dreams for us. 1672 41:13 It happened just as he had said 1673 to us – Pharaoh 1674 restored me to my office, but he impaled the baker.” 1675
41:14 Then Pharaoh summoned 1676 Joseph. So they brought him quickly out of the dungeon; he shaved himself, changed his clothes, and came before Pharaoh. 41:15 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I had a dream, 1677 and there is no one who can interpret 1678 it. But I have heard about you, that 1679 you can interpret dreams.” 1680 41:16 Joseph replied to Pharaoh, “It is not within my power, 1681 but God will speak concerning 1682 the welfare of Pharaoh.” 1683
41:17 Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “In my dream I was standing 1684 by the edge of the Nile. 41:18 Then seven fat and fine-looking cows were coming up out of the Nile, and they grazed in the reeds. 1685 41:19 Then 1686 seven other cows came up after them; they were scrawny, very bad-looking, and lean. I had never seen such bad-looking cows 1687 as these in all the land of Egypt! 41:20 The lean, bad-looking cows ate up the seven 1688 fat cows. 41:21 When they had eaten them, 1689 no one would have known 1690 that they had done so, for they were just as bad-looking as before. Then I woke up. 41:22 I also saw in my dream 1691 seven heads of grain growing on one stalk, full and good. 41:23 Then 1692 seven heads of grain, withered and thin and burned with the east wind, were sprouting up after them. 41:24 The thin heads of grain swallowed up the seven good heads of grain. So I told all this 1693 to the diviner-priests, but no one could tell me its meaning.” 1694
41:25 Then Joseph said to Pharaoh, “Both dreams of Pharaoh have the same meaning. 1695 God has revealed 1696 to Pharaoh what he is about to do. 1697 41:26 The seven good cows represent seven years, and the seven good heads of grain represent seven years. Both dreams have the same meaning. 1698 41:27 The seven lean, bad-looking cows that came up after them represent seven years, as do the seven empty heads of grain burned with the east wind. They represent 1699 seven years of famine. 41:28 This is just what I told 1700 Pharaoh: God has shown Pharaoh what he is about to do. 41:29 Seven years of great abundance are coming throughout the whole land of Egypt. 41:30 But seven years of famine will occur 1701 after them, and all the abundance will be forgotten in the land of Egypt. The famine will devastate 1702 the land. 41:31 The previous abundance of the land will not be remembered 1703 because of the famine that follows, for the famine will be very severe. 1704 41:32 The dream was repeated to Pharaoh 1705 because the matter has been decreed 1706 by God, and God will make it happen soon. 1707
41:33 “So now Pharaoh should look 1708 for a wise and discerning man 1709 and give him authority 1710 over all the land of Egypt. 41:34 Pharaoh should do 1711 this – he should appoint 1712 officials 1713 throughout the land to collect one-fifth of the produce of the land of Egypt 1714 during the seven years of abundance. 41:35 They should gather all the excess food 1715 during these good years that are coming. By Pharaoh’s authority 1716 they should store up grain so the cities will have food, 1717 and they should preserve it. 1718 41:36 This food should be held in storage for the land in preparation for the seven years of famine that will occur throughout the land of Egypt. In this way the land will survive the famine.” 1719
41:37 This advice made sense to Pharaoh and all his officials. 1720 41:38 So Pharaoh asked his officials, “Can we find a man like Joseph, 1721 one in whom the Spirit of God is present?” 1722 41:39 So Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Because God has enabled you to know all this, there is no one as wise and discerning 1723 as you are! 41:40 You will oversee my household, and all my people will submit to your commands. 1724 Only I, the king, will be greater than you. 1725
41:41 “See here,” Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I place 1726 you in authority over all the land of Egypt.” 1727 41:42 Then Pharaoh took his signet ring from his own hand and put it on Joseph’s. He clothed him with fine linen 1728 clothes and put a gold chain around his neck. 41:43 Pharaoh 1729 had him ride in the chariot used by his second-in-command, 1730 and they cried out before him, “Kneel down!” 1731 So he placed him over all the land of Egypt. 41:44 Pharaoh also said to Joseph, “I am Pharaoh, but without your permission 1732 no one 1733 will move his hand or his foot 1734 in all the land of Egypt.” 41:45 Pharaoh gave Joseph the name Zaphenath-Paneah. 1735 He also gave him Asenath 1736 daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, 1737 to be his wife. So Joseph took charge of 1738 all the land of Egypt.
41:46 Now Joseph was 30 years old 1739 when he began serving 1740 Pharaoh king of Egypt. Joseph was commissioned by 1741 Pharaoh and was in charge of 1742 all the land of Egypt. 41:47 During the seven years of abundance the land produced large, bountiful harvests. 1743 41:48 Joseph 1744 collected all the excess food 1745 in the land of Egypt during the seven years and stored it in the cities. 1746 In every city he put the food gathered from the fields around it. 41:49 Joseph stored up a vast amount of grain, like the sand of the sea, 1747 until he stopped measuring it because it was impossible to measure.
41:50 Two sons were born to Joseph before the famine came. 1748 Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, was their mother. 1749 41:51 Joseph named the firstborn Manasseh, 1750 saying, 1751 “Certainly 1752 God has made me forget all my trouble and all my father’s house.” 41:52 He named the second child Ephraim, 1753 saying, 1754 “Certainly 1755 God has made me fruitful in the land of my suffering.”
41:53 The seven years of abundance in the land of Egypt came to an end. 41:54 Then the seven years of famine began, 1756 just as Joseph had predicted. There was famine in all the other lands, but throughout the land of Egypt there was food. 41:55 When all the land of Egypt experienced the famine, the people cried out to Pharaoh for food. Pharaoh said to all the people of Egypt, 1757 “Go to Joseph and do whatever he tells you.”
41:56 While the famine was over all the earth, 1758 Joseph opened the storehouses 1759 and sold grain to the Egyptians. The famine was severe throughout the land of Egypt. 41:57 People from every country 1760 came to Joseph in Egypt to buy grain because the famine was severe throughout the earth.
Joseph’s Brothers in Egypt
42:1 When Jacob heard 1761 there was grain in Egypt, he 1762 said to his sons, “Why are you looking at each other?” 1763 42:2 He then said, “Look, I hear that there is grain in Egypt. Go down there and buy grain for us 1764 so that we may live 1765 and not die.” 1766
42:3 So ten of Joseph’s brothers went down to buy grain from Egypt. 42:4 But Jacob did not send Joseph’s brother Benjamin with his brothers, 1767 for he said, 1768 “What if some accident 1769 happens 1770 to him?” 42:5 So Israel’s sons came to buy grain among the other travelers, 1771 for the famine was severe in the land of Canaan.
42:6 Now Joseph was the ruler of the country, the one who sold grain to all the people of the country. 1772 Joseph’s brothers came and bowed down 1773 before him with 1774 their faces to the ground. 42:7 When Joseph saw his brothers, he recognized them, but he pretended to be a stranger 1775 to them and spoke to them harshly. He asked, “Where do you come from?” They answered, 1776 “From the land of Canaan, to buy grain for food.” 1777
42:8 Joseph recognized his brothers, but they did not recognize him. 42:9 Then Joseph remembered 1778 the dreams he had dreamed about them, and he said to them, “You are spies; you have come to see if our land is vulnerable!” 1779
42:10 But they exclaimed, 1780 “No, my lord! Your servants have come to buy grain for food! 42:11 We are all the sons of one man; we are honest men! Your servants are not spies.”
42:12 “No,” he insisted, “but you have come to see if our land is vulnerable.” 1781 42:13 They replied, “Your servants are from a family of twelve brothers. 1782 We are the sons of one man in the land of Canaan. The youngest is with our father at this time, 1783 and one is no longer alive.” 1784
42:14 But Joseph told them, “It is just as I said to you: 1785 You are spies! 42:15 You will be tested in this way: As surely as Pharaoh lives, 1786 you will not depart from this place unless your youngest brother comes here. 42:16 One of you must go and get 1787 your brother, while 1788 the rest of you remain in prison. 1789 In this way your words may be tested to see if 1790 you are telling the truth. 1791 If not, then, as surely as Pharaoh lives, you are spies!” 42:17 He imprisoned 1792 them all for three days. 42:18 On the third day Joseph said to them, “Do as I say 1793 and you will live, 1794 for I fear God. 1795 42:19 If you are honest men, leave one of your brothers confined here in prison 1796 while the rest of you go 1797 and take grain back for your hungry families. 1798 42:20 But you must bring 1799 your youngest brother to me. Then 1800 your words will be verified 1801 and you will not die.” They did as he said. 1802
42:21 They said to one other, 1803 “Surely we’re being punished 1804 because of our brother, because we saw how distressed he was 1805 when he cried to us for mercy, but we refused to listen. That is why this distress 1806 has come on us!” 42:22 Reuben said to them, “Didn’t I say to you, ‘Don’t sin against the boy,’ but you wouldn’t listen? So now we must pay for shedding his blood!” 1807 42:23 (Now 1808 they did not know that Joseph could understand them, 1809 for he was speaking through an interpreter.) 1810 42:24 He turned away from them and wept. When he turned around and spoke to them again, 1811 he had Simeon taken 1812 from them and tied up 1813 before their eyes.
42:25 Then Joseph gave orders to fill 1814 their bags with grain, to return each man’s money to his sack, and to give them provisions for the journey. His orders were carried out. 1815 42:26 So they loaded their grain on their donkeys and left. 1816
42:27 When one of them 1817 opened his sack to get feed for his donkey at their resting place, 1818 he saw his money in the mouth of his sack. 1819 42:28 He said to his brothers, “My money was returned! Here it is in my sack!” They were dismayed; 1820 they turned trembling one to another 1821 and said, “What in the world has God done to us?” 1822
42:29 They returned to their father Jacob in the land of Canaan and told him all the things that had happened to them, saying, 42:30 “The man, the lord of the land, spoke harshly to us and treated us 1823 as if we were 1824 spying on the land. 42:31 But we said to him, ‘We are honest men; we are not spies! 42:32 We are from a family of twelve brothers; we are the sons of one father. 1825 One is no longer alive, 1826 and the youngest is with our father at this time 1827 in the land of Canaan.’
42:33 “Then the man, the lord of the land, said to us, ‘This is how I will find out if you are honest men. Leave one of your brothers with me, and take grain 1828 for your hungry households and go. 42:34 But bring your youngest brother back to me so I will know 1829 that you are honest men and not spies. 1830 Then I will give your brother back to you and you may move about freely in the land.’” 1831
42:35 When they were emptying their sacks, there was each man’s bag of money in his sack! When they and their father saw the bags of money, they were afraid. 42:36 Their father Jacob said to them, “You are making me childless! Joseph is gone. 1832 Simeon is gone. 1833 And now you want to take 1834 Benjamin! Everything is against me.”
42:37 Then Reuben said to his father, “You may 1835 put my two sons to death if I do not bring him back to you. Put him in my care 1836 and I will bring him back to you.” 42:38 But Jacob 1837 replied, “My son will not go down there with you, for his brother is dead and he alone is left. 1838 If an accident happens to him on the journey you have to make, then you will bring down my gray hair 1839 in sorrow to the grave.” 1840
The Second Journey to Egypt
43:1 Now the famine was severe in the land. 1841 43:2 When they finished eating the grain they had brought from Egypt, their father said to them, “Return, buy us a little more food.”
43:3 But Judah said to him, “The man solemnly warned 1842 us, ‘You will not see my face 1843 unless your brother is with you.’ 43:4 If you send 1844 our brother with us, we’ll go down and buy food for you. 43:5 But if you will not send him, we won’t go down there because the man said to us, ‘You will not see my face unless your brother is with you.’”
43:6 Israel said, “Why did you bring this trouble 1845 on me by telling 1846 the man you had one more brother?”
43:7 They replied, “The man questioned us 1847 thoroughly 1848 about ourselves and our family, saying, ‘Is your father still alive? Do you have another brother?’ 1849 So we answered him in this way. 1850 How could we possibly know 1851 that he would say, 1852 ‘Bring your brother down’?”
43:8 Then Judah said to his father Israel, “Send the boy with me and we will go immediately. 1853 Then we will live 1854 and not die – we and you and our little ones. 43:9 I myself pledge security 1855 for him; you may hold me liable. If I do not bring him back to you and place him here before you, I will bear the blame before you all my life. 1856 43:10 But if we had not delayed, we could have traveled there and back 1857 twice by now!”
43:11 Then their father Israel said to them, “If it must be so, then do this: Take some of the best products of the land in your bags, and take a gift down to the man – a little balm and a little honey, spices and myrrh, pistachios and almonds. 43:12 Take double the money with you; 1858 you must take back 1859 the money that was returned in the mouths of your sacks – perhaps it was an oversight. 43:13 Take your brother too, and go right away 1860 to the man. 1861 43:14 May the sovereign God 1862 grant you mercy before the man so that he may release 1863 your other brother 1864 and Benjamin! As for me, if I lose my children I lose them.” 1865
43:15 So the men took these gifts, and they took double the money with them, along with Benjamin. Then they hurried down to Egypt 1866 and stood before Joseph. 43:16 When Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the servant who was over his household, “Bring the men to the house. Slaughter an animal and prepare it, for the men will eat with me at noon.” 43:17 The man did just as Joseph said; he 1867 brought the men into Joseph’s house. 1868
43:18 But the men were afraid when they were brought to Joseph’s house. They said, “We are being brought in because of 1869 the money that was returned in our sacks last time. 1870 He wants to capture us, 1871 make us slaves, and take 1872 our donkeys!” 43:19 So they approached the man who was in charge of Joseph’s household and spoke to him at the entrance to the house. 43:20 They said, “My lord, we did indeed come down 1873 the first time 1874 to buy food. 43:21 But when we came to the place where we spent the night, we opened our sacks and each of us found his money – the full amount 1875 – in the mouth of his sack. So we have returned it. 1876 43:22 We have brought additional money with us to buy food. We do not know who put the money in our sacks!”
43:23 “Everything is fine,” 1877 the man in charge of Joseph’s household told them. “Don’t be afraid. Your God and the God of your father has given you treasure in your sacks. 1878 I had your money.” 1879 Then he brought Simeon out to them.
43:24 The servant in charge 1880 brought the men into Joseph’s house. He gave them water, and they washed their feet. Then he gave food to their donkeys. 43:25 They got their gifts ready for Joseph’s arrival 1881 at noon, for they had heard 1882 that they were to have a meal 1883 there.
43:26 When Joseph came home, they presented him with the gifts they had brought inside, 1884 and they bowed down to the ground before him. 43:27 He asked them how they were doing. 1885 Then he said, “Is your aging father well, the one you spoke about? Is he still alive?” 43:28 “Your servant our father is well,” they replied. “He is still alive.” They bowed down in humility. 1886
43:29 When Joseph looked up 1887 and saw his brother Benjamin, his mother’s son, he said, “Is this your youngest brother, whom you told me about?” Then he said, “May God be gracious to you, my son.” 1888 43:30 Joseph hurried out, for he was overcome by affection for his brother 1889 and was at the point of tears. 1890 So he went to his room and wept there.
43:31 Then he washed his face and came out. With composure he said, 1891 “Set out the food.” 43:32 They set a place for him, a separate place for his brothers, 1892 and another for the Egyptians who were eating with him. (The Egyptians are not able to eat with Hebrews, for the Egyptians think it is disgusting 1893 to do so.) 1894 43:33 They sat before him, arranged by order of birth, beginning with the firstborn and ending with the youngest. 1895 The men looked at each other in astonishment. 1896 43:34 He gave them portions of the food set before him, 1897 but the portion for Benjamin was five times greater than the portions for any of the others. They drank with Joseph until they all became drunk. 1898
The Final Test
44:1 He instructed the servant who was over his household, “Fill the sacks of the men with as much food as they can carry and put each man’s money in the mouth of his sack. 44:2 Then put 1899 my cup – the silver cup – in the mouth of the youngest one’s sack, along with the money for his grain.” He did as Joseph instructed. 1900
44:3 When morning came, 1901 the men and their donkeys were sent off. 1902 44:4 They had not gone very far from the city 1903 when Joseph said 1904 to the servant who was over his household, “Pursue the men at once! 1905 When you overtake 1906 them, say to them, ‘Why have you repaid good with evil? 44:5 Doesn’t my master drink from this cup 1907 and use it for divination? 1908 You have done wrong!’” 1909
44:6 When the man 1910 overtook them, he spoke these words to them. 44:7 They answered him, “Why does my lord say such things? 1911 Far be it from your servants to do such a thing! 1912 44:8 Look, the money that we found in the mouths of our sacks we brought back to you from the land of Canaan. Why then would we steal silver or gold from your master’s house? 44:9 If one of us has it, 1913 he will die, and the rest of us will become my lord’s slaves!”
44:10 He replied, “You have suggested your own punishment! 1914 The one who has it will become my slave, 1915 but the rest of 1916 you will go free.” 1917 44:11 So each man quickly lowered 1918 his sack to the ground and opened it. 44:12 Then the man 1919 searched. He began with the oldest and finished with the youngest. The cup was found in Benjamin’s sack! 44:13 They all tore their clothes! Then each man loaded his donkey, and they returned to the city.
44:14 So Judah and his brothers 1920 came back to Joseph’s house. He was still there, 1921 and they threw themselves to the ground before him. 44:15 Joseph said to them, “What did you think you were doing? 1922 Don’t you know that a man like me can find out things like this by divination?” 1923
44:16 Judah replied, “What can we say 1924 to my lord? What can we speak? How can we clear ourselves? 1925 God has exposed the sin of your servants! 1926 We are now my lord’s slaves, we and the one in whose possession the cup was found.”
44:17 But Joseph said, “Far be it from me to do this! The man in whose hand the cup was found will become my slave, but the rest of 1927 you may go back 1928 to your father in peace.”
44:18 Then Judah approached him and said, “My lord, please allow your servant to speak a word with you. 1929 Please do not get angry with your servant, 1930 for you are just like Pharaoh. 1931 44:19 My lord asked his servants, ‘Do you have a father or a brother?’ 44:20 We said to my lord, ‘We have an aged father, and there is a young boy who was born when our father was old. 1932 The boy’s 1933 brother is dead. He is the only one of his mother’s sons left, 1934 and his father loves him.’
44:21 “Then you told your servants, ‘Bring him down to me so I can see 1935 him.’ 1936 44:22 We said to my lord, ‘The boy cannot leave his father. If he leaves his father, his father 1937 will die.’ 1938 44:23 But you said to your servants, ‘If your youngest brother does not come down with you, you will not see my face again.’ 44:24 When we returned to your servant my father, we told him the words of my lord.
44:25 “Then our father said, ‘Go back and buy us a little food.’ 44:26 But we replied, ‘We cannot go down there. 1939 If our youngest brother is with us, then we will go, 1940 for we won’t be permitted to see the man’s face if our youngest brother is not with us.’
44:27 “Then your servant my father said to us, ‘You know that my wife gave me two sons. 1941 44:28 The first disappeared 1942 and I said, “He has surely been torn to pieces.” I have not seen him since. 44:29 If you take 1943 this one from me too and an accident happens to him, then you will bring down my gray hair 1944 in tragedy 1945 to the grave.’ 1946
44:30 “So now, when I return to your servant my father, and the boy is not with us – his very life is bound up in his son’s life. 1947 44:31 When he sees the boy is not with us, 1948 he will die, and your servants will bring down the gray hair of your servant our father in sorrow to the grave. 44:32 Indeed, 1949 your servant pledged security for the boy with my father, saying, ‘If I do not bring him back to you, then I will bear the blame before my father all my life.’
44:33 “So now, please let your servant remain as my lord’s slave instead of the boy. As for the boy, let him go back with his brothers. 44:34 For how can I go back to my father if the boy is not with me? I couldn’t bear to see 1950 my father’s pain.” 1951
The Reconciliation of the Brothers
45:1 Joseph was no longer able to control himself before all his attendants, 1952 so he cried out, “Make everyone go out from my presence!” No one remained 1953 with Joseph when he made himself known to his brothers. 45:2 He wept loudly; 1954 the Egyptians heard it and Pharaoh’s household heard about it. 1955
45:3 Joseph said to his brothers, “I am Joseph! Is my father still alive?” His brothers could not answer him because they were dumbfounded before him. 45:4 Joseph said to his brothers, “Come closer to me,” so they came near. Then he said, “I am Joseph your brother, whom you sold into Egypt. 45:5 Now, do not be upset and do not be angry with yourselves because you sold me here, 1956 for God sent me 1957 ahead of you to preserve life! 45:6 For these past two years there has been famine in 1958 the land and for five more years there will be neither plowing nor harvesting. 45:7 God sent me 1959 ahead of you to preserve you 1960 on the earth and to save your lives 1961 by a great deliverance. 45:8 So now, it is not you who sent me here, but God. He has made me an adviser 1962 to Pharaoh, lord over all his household, and ruler over all the land of Egypt. 45:9 Now go up to my father quickly 1963 and tell him, ‘This is what your son Joseph says: “God has made me lord of all Egypt. Come down to me; do not delay! 45:10 You will live 1964 in the land of Goshen, and you will be near me – you, your children, your grandchildren, your flocks, your herds, and everything you have. 45:11 I will provide you with food 1965 there because there will be five more years of famine. Otherwise you would become poor – you, your household, and everyone who belongs to you.”’ 45:12 You and my brother Benjamin can certainly see with your own eyes that I really am the one who speaks to you. 1966 45:13 So tell 1967 my father about all my honor in Egypt and about everything you have seen. But bring my father down here quickly!” 1968
45:14 Then he threw himself on the neck of his brother Benjamin and wept, and Benjamin wept on his neck. 45:15 He kissed all his brothers and wept over them. After this his brothers talked with him.
45:16 Now it was reported 1969 in the household of Pharaoh, “Joseph’s brothers have arrived.” It pleased 1970 Pharaoh and his servants. 45:17 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Say to your brothers, ‘Do this: Load your animals and go 1971 to the land of Canaan! 45:18 Get your father and your households and come to me! Then I will give you 1972 the best land in Egypt and you will eat 1973 the best 1974 of the land.’ 45:19 You are also commanded to say, 1975 ‘Do this: Take for yourselves wagons from the land of Egypt for your little ones and for your wives. Bring your father and come. 45:20 Don’t worry 1976 about your belongings, for the best of all the land of Egypt will be yours.’”
45:21 So the sons of Israel did as he said. 1977 Joseph gave them wagons as Pharaoh had instructed, 1978 and he gave them provisions for the journey. 45:22 He gave sets of clothes to each one of them, 1979 but to Benjamin he gave three hundred pieces of silver and five sets of clothes. 1980 45:23 To his father he sent the following: 1981 ten donkeys loaded with the best products of Egypt and ten female donkeys loaded with grain, food, and provisions for his father’s journey. 45:24 Then he sent his brothers on their way and they left. He said to them, “As you travel don’t be overcome with fear.” 1982
45:25 So they went up from Egypt and came to their father Jacob in the land of Canaan. 1983 45:26 They told him, “Joseph is still alive and he is ruler over all the land of Egypt!” Jacob was stunned, 1984 for he did not believe them. 45:27 But when they related to him everything Joseph had said to them, 1985 and when he saw the wagons that Joseph had sent to transport him, their father Jacob’s spirit revived. 45:28 Then Israel said, “Enough! My son Joseph is still alive! I will go and see him before I die.”
The Family of Jacob goes to Egypt
46:1 So Israel began his journey, taking with him all that he had. 1986 When he came to Beer Sheba 1987 he offered sacrifices to the God of his father Isaac. 46:2 God spoke to Israel in a vision during the night 1988 and said, “Jacob, Jacob!” He replied, “Here I am!” 46:3 He said, “I am God, 1989 the God of your father. Do not be afraid to go down to Egypt, for I will make you into a great nation there. 46:4 I will go down with you to Egypt and I myself will certainly bring you back from there. 1990 Joseph will close your eyes.” 1991
46:5 Then Jacob started out 1992 from Beer Sheba, and the sons of Israel carried their father Jacob, their little children, and their wives in the wagons that Pharaoh had sent along to transport him. 46:6 Jacob and all his descendants took their livestock and the possessions they had acquired in the land of Canaan, and they went to Egypt. 1993 46:7 He brought with him to Egypt his sons and grandsons, 1994 his daughters and granddaughters – all his descendants.
46:8 These are the names of the sons of Israel who went to Egypt – Jacob and his sons:
Reuben, the firstborn of Jacob.
46:9 The sons of Reuben:
Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.
46:10 The sons of Simeon:
Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jakin, Zohar,
and Shaul (the son of a Canaanite woman).
46:11 The sons of Levi:
Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.
46:12 The sons of Judah:
Er, Onan, Shelah, Perez, and Zerah
(but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan).
The sons of Perez were Hezron and Hamul.
46:13 The sons of Issachar:
Tola, Puah, 1995 Jashub, 1996 and Shimron.
46:14 The sons of Zebulun:
Sered, Elon, and Jahleel.
46:15 These were the sons of Leah, whom she bore to Jacob in Paddan Aram, along with Dinah his daughter. His sons and daughters numbered thirty-three in all. 1997
46:16 The sons of Gad:
Zephon, 1998 Haggi, Shuni, Ezbon, Eri, Arodi, and Areli.
46:17 The sons of Asher:
Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, Beriah, and Serah their sister.
The sons of Beriah were Heber and Malkiel.
46:18 These were the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to Leah his daughter. She bore these to Jacob, sixteen in all.
46:19 The sons of Rachel the wife of Jacob:
Joseph and Benjamin.
46:20 Manasseh and Ephraim were born to Joseph in the land of Egypt. Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, 1999 bore them to him.
46:21 The sons of Benjamin: 2000
Bela, Beker, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim and Ard.
46:22 These were the sons of Rachel who were born to Jacob, fourteen in all.
46:23 The son of Dan: Hushim. 2001
46:24 The sons of Naphtali:
Jahziel, Guni, Jezer, and Shillem.
46:25 These were the sons of Bilhah, whom Laban gave to Rachel his daughter. She bore these to Jacob, seven in all.
46:26 All the direct descendants of Jacob who went to Egypt with him were sixty-six in number. (This number does not include the wives of Jacob’s sons.) 2002 46:27 Counting the two sons 2003 of Joseph who were born to him in Egypt, all the people of the household of Jacob who were in Egypt numbered seventy. 2004
46:28 Jacob 2005 sent Judah before him to Joseph to accompany him to Goshen. 2006 So they came to the land of Goshen. 46:29 Joseph harnessed his chariot and went up to meet his father Israel in Goshen. When he met him, 2007 he hugged his neck and wept on his neck for quite some time.
46:30 Israel said to Joseph, “Now let me die since I have seen your face and know that you are still alive.” 2008 46:31 Then Joseph said to his brothers and his father’s household, “I will go up and tell Pharaoh, 2009 ‘My brothers and my father’s household who were in the land of Canaan have come to me. 46:32 The men are shepherds; 2010 they take care of livestock. 2011 They have brought their flocks and their herds and all that they have.’ 46:33 Pharaoh will summon you and say, ‘What is your occupation?’ 46:34 Tell him, ‘Your servants have taken care of cattle 2012 from our youth until now, both we and our fathers,’ so that you may live in the land of Goshen, 2013 for everyone who takes care of sheep is disgusting 2014 to the Egyptians.”
Joseph’s Wise Administration
47:1 Joseph went and told Pharaoh, “My father, my brothers, their flocks and herds, and all that they own have arrived from the land of
Canaan. They are now 2015 in the land of Goshen.” 47:2 He took five of his brothers and introduced them to Pharaoh. 2016
47:3 Pharaoh said to Joseph’s 2017 brothers, “What is your occupation?” They said to Pharaoh, “Your servants take care of flocks, just as our ancestors did.” 2018 47:4 Then they said to Pharaoh, “We have come to live as temporary residents 2019 in the land. There 2020 is no pasture for your servants’ flocks because the famine is severe in the land of Canaan. So now, please let your servants live in the land of Goshen.”
47:5 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Your father and your brothers have come to you. 47:6 The land of Egypt is before you; settle your father and your brothers in the best region of the land. They may live in the land of Goshen. If you know of any highly capable men 2021 among them, put them in charge 2022 of my livestock.”
47:7 Then Joseph brought in his father Jacob and presented him 2023 before Pharaoh. Jacob blessed 2024 Pharaoh. 47:8 Pharaoh said to Jacob, “How long have you lived?” 2025 47:9 Jacob said to Pharaoh, “All 2026 the years of my travels 2027 are 130. All 2028 the years of my life have been few and painful; 2029 the years of my travels are not as long as those of my ancestors.” 2030 47:10 Then Jacob blessed Pharaoh and went out from his presence. 2031
47:11 So Joseph settled his father and his brothers. He gave them territory 2032 in the land of Egypt, in the best region of the land, the land of Rameses, 2033 just as Pharaoh had commanded. 47:12 Joseph also provided food for his father, his brothers, and all his father’s household, according to the number of their little children.
47:13 But there was no food in all the land because the famine was very severe; the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan wasted away 2034 because of the famine. 47:14 Joseph collected all the money that could be found in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan as payment 2035 for the grain they were buying. Then Joseph brought the money into Pharaoh’s palace. 2036 47:15 When the money from the lands of Egypt and Canaan was used up, all the Egyptians 2037 came to Joseph and said, “Give us food! Why should we die 2038 before your very eyes because our money has run out?”
47:16 Then Joseph said, “If your money is gone, bring your livestock, and I will give you food 2039 in exchange for 2040 your livestock.” 47:17 So they brought their livestock to Joseph, and Joseph gave them food in exchange for their horses, the livestock of their flocks and herds, and their donkeys. 2041 He got them through that year by giving them food in exchange for livestock.
47:18 When that year was over, they came to him the next year and said to him, “We cannot hide from our 2042 lord that the money is used up and the livestock and the animals belong to our lord. Nothing remains before our lord except our bodies and our land. 47:19 Why should we die before your very eyes, both we and our land? Buy us and our land in exchange for food, and we, with our land, will become 2043 Pharaoh’s slaves. 2044 Give us seed that we may live 2045 and not die. Then the land will not become desolate.” 2046
47:20 So Joseph bought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh. Each 2047 of the Egyptians sold his field, for the famine was severe. 2048 So the land became Pharaoh’s. 47:21 Joseph 2049 made all the people slaves 2050 from one end of Egypt’s border to the other end of it. 47:22 But he did not purchase the land of the priests because the priests had an allotment from Pharaoh and they ate from their allotment that Pharaoh gave them. That is why they did not sell their land.
47:23 Joseph said to the people, “Since I have bought you and your land today for Pharaoh, here is seed for you. Cultivate 2051 the land. 47:24 When you gather in the crop, 2052 give 2053 one-fifth of it to Pharaoh, and the rest 2054 will be yours for seed for the fields and for you to eat, including those in your households and your little children.” 47:25 They replied, “You have saved our lives! You are showing us favor, 2055 and we will be Pharaoh’s slaves.” 2056
47:26 So Joseph made it a statute, 2057 which is in effect 2058 to this day throughout the land of Egypt: One-fifth belongs to Pharaoh. Only the land of the priests did not become Pharaoh’s.
47:27 Israel settled in the land of Egypt, in the land of Goshen, and they owned land there. They were fruitful and increased rapidly in number.
47:28 Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years; the years 2059 of Jacob’s life were 147 in all. 47:29 The time 2060